President in 1891:   

    Benjamin Harrison (March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893)

Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1891: 

    Thomas Jefferson Morgan (1889 – 1893)

NOTE:  This was just after Wounded Knee.  There were many article about the massacre, and other news items in the field.  Most were not copied.  As illustrations appear with some of the Wounded Knee stories, these should be searched for separately.  The article mentioning Trager & Kuhn was copied.

JAN. 16, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

THE END OF THE WAR.  Submission of the Sioux to the Army Under General Miles.  CHIEFS COMING TO WASHINGTON.  The Great Father Will Listen to Their Tale of Woe.  NINE GUNS LAID DOWN BY BIG ROAD.  It is Supposed that Not More than a Hundred Guns Will be Surrendered All Told, the Others Having Been Hidden by Their treacherous Owners.

A dispatch was received at the War Department yesterday from Gen. Miles asking permission to come to Washington with a delegation of hostile chiefs, who want to treat for terms of peace.

Indian Commissioner Morgan, after consultation with Secretary Proctor in regard to Gen. Miles' telegram, said that Secretary Noble gave it his unqualified approval.  He suggested to Secretary Proctor, for the Interior Department, that the delegation number not more than six, and in any event not more than twelve.  The commissioner expressed the belief that the war was ended, and said that he thought a free exchange of views would result in good on all sides.  He thought that Secretary Proctor would immediately order Gen. Miles to Washington with the Indians.       

Dispatches were received last night by Gen. Schofield from Gen. Miles announcing the end of the Indian troubles in the West.  Gen. Miles says:

Kicking Bear, supposed to be the leader, was the first to surrender his rifle this morning, and others of the same character will follow his example.  Of course, many of the young men may hold back and may cache their arms, but I believe the disarming will be complete.  Both officers and men have exercised and maintained a most commendable discipline, patience, and fortitude.  All are gratified with the result.  It will require some time to get the Indians under full control, but everything is moving in a satisfactory manner.  The troops under Gen. Brooke have moved forward, and are now in three strong commands, with the Indians, upwards of 7,000 in the center, the whole within the radius of ten miles.

In reply to a telegram sent to Gen. Miles yesterday concerning the time of the departure of the Indian delegation for Washington, Gen. Miles:

There is no necessity of haste. I do not intend to send delegation until this matter is entirely settled here, and the Indians do as I have directed, which instructions they are now complying with in every respect.  This Indian war I now consider at an end in the most satisfactory manner.  A more complete submission to the military power has never been made by any Indians.  The report that any have escaped is simply not true.

Jan. 16, 1891:  Aberdeen Weekly News:  [Dakota]

            Will Visit Washington.

            Washington, Jan. 15.—a telegram was received at the war department today from Gen. Miles, asking permission for a number of Sioux chiefs to visit Washington for the purpose of conferring with the president in regard to their condition.  After consulting with Secretary Noble, Secretary proctor telegraphed Gen. Miles giving the desired permission.

            [article continues:  ]

            The War At An End.

            Washington, Jan. 15—In reply to the telegraph sent to General Miles today concerning the time of the departure of the Indian delegation for Washington, Gen. Miles says:  “There is no necessity of haste.  I don’t intend to send the delegation until this matter is entirely settled here and the Indians do as I have directed, which directions they are now complying with in every respect.  This Indian war I now consider at an end n the most satisfactory manner.  More complete submission to the military power has never been made by any Indians.  Report that any have escaped is simply not true.”

Jan. 19, 1891:  Evening Star:  [Dakota]

            The Coming Indian Delegation.

            What Secretary Noble Proposes to Impress Upon Their Minds.

            The Secretary of the Interior intends to give a full opportunity to the Indians comprising the delegation to come from Pine Ridge to this city to express their views on the situation and to state their grievances.  Secretary Noble has, however, fully decided that the Indians shall be impressed with one fact before they return home, and that is the mode of life of the Sioux Indians must be changed.  He intends that the policy that shall prevail in the future shall be based upon the principle that the Indian must work.  He is strongly of the opinion that it is unjust to the Indians as well as to the government to continue to support the Indians in idleness.  The treaty of 1877 made with the Sioux, under which the government is now providing them with rations stipulates that.  The Indians shall be supplied with food until such a time as they shall become self supporting.

            Indians Must do Their Part.

            Secretary Noble believes that a just inference from this treaty provision is that the Indians must do their part toward becoming self-supporting, and that it is not just or fair to continue indefinitely the period of the dependence of these Indians upon the government.  He says that only one-third of the entire Indian population of the country are in any measure dependent upon the government and of this third the larger proportion are Sioux.  These Indians, the Secretary states, are able-bodied, are intelligent and there is no good reason why they should not become independent.

            A Practical Education.

            He believes that the rising generation should be given a practical education, such as would fit them to earn their living, leaving the more advanced instruction for the future.  The Secretary will peak forcibly and plainly to the Indians, and he will also in the adoption of any plan for their future management make this the central idea.

JAN. 26, 1891  Evening Star [Dakota]

THE INDIAN DELEGATION.  News Received That the Chiefs Will Leave for Washington Tonight.

The commissioner of Indian affairs has received a telegram from Special Indian Agent Lewis at Pine Ridge stating that the delegation of Sioux chiefs will be ready to leave for Washington tonight.  The delegation is to consist of Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horses, Standing Elk, Little Wound, Fire Thunder, Two Strikes, Big Road, He Dog, High Hawk, High Pipe, Chump (sic) and Lewis Shangran as interpreter.  Another telegram states that Gen. Miles will leave Pine Ridge tonight for Chicago by way of the Northwestern railroad.  The delegation is expected to arrive here next Thursday on the Pennsylvania road.

JAN. 27, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

THE INDIANS COMING.  The Delegation Expected to Reach Washington on Thursday.  Reforms Proposed in the Beef Contracts--Advantage of Monthly Bids--Proposition to Place all the Employes (sic) of the Indian Bureau Under the Civil Service Rules.

Indian Commissioner Morgan received last evening a dispatch from Special Agent Lewis, who is on his way to this city from Pine Ridge with a delegation of Indians.  The telegram was sent from Rushville, Neb., which is the nearest railroad station to Pine Ridge.  Agent Lewis states he and his delegation are with Gen. Miles, who is taking thirty Indians to Fort Sheridan.  The two parties will travel together as far as Chicago, near which Fort Sheridan is located.  The Washington delegation will continue on to this city and are expected to arrive here on Thursday.  Quarters have been secured for the Indians at Beveridge's, a large boarding house on 3d street near Pennsylvania avenue.  [not more copied - not directly relevant to delegation.]

JAN. 27, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

Indians Coming to Washington.

Gen. Miles has selected the following-named chiefs to go to Washington:  Young-man-afraid-of-his-horses, American Horse, Fire Thunder and Hump of the friendless (sic) and Little Wound, Big Road, He Dog, Two Strike, High Hawk and High Pipe of the hostiles.  Some surprise is expressed over the selection, as it was thought Red Cloud would certainly go and Short Bull and Kicking Bear have been among the most prominent hostiles.  Gen. Miles takes with him to Chicago forty Indians, who will go to Washington later on under the care of the War Department.  Gen. Miles desires that they should go to the capital under the guide of a military officer.

Jan. 27, 1891:  Omaha World-Herald:  [Dakota: Brule, Oglala]

            Rushville, Neb., Jan. 26.—(Special)—General Miles and staff, General Carr and Captain kerr arrived here this afternoon from Pine Ridge.  More than forty Indians, arrayed in all their gorgeous plumage and paint, accompanied the party and are going to Washington to see “Benny,” the great father.

            The following are among the noted Ogalala braves:  Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horses, American Horse, Little Wound, Fast Thunder, He Dog, Standing Soldier, Big Road, Fire Lightning, Spotted Horse, Spotted Elk, and Captain Sword, chief of the Indian police.

            The Brules sent Two Strike, Short Bull, High hawk and another ghost dancer named Big foot, but not the one who commanded at Wounded Knee.

            The Brule who assassinated Lieutenant Casey is with the party as a prisoner.  Big Bt, a squaw man, and John Shangraw, a halfbreed, are the interpreters.  A special train left here at 6:30 p.m. with both soldiers and Indians.

Jan. 28, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

THE INDIANS' SIDE.  The Sioux Chiefs Hold a Pow Wow With The Evening Star's Correspondent.  THEIR GRIEVANCES TOLD.  Too Little Meat and Too Much Agent--The Big Chiefs Coming to Washington Five The Evening Star, Their Stories in Advance--Cigarettes and Beef.  Evening Star Correspondent of The Evening Evening Star.  Pine Ridge, S.D., January 23. [MOST NOT COPIED AS RELATES TO WOUNDED KNEE]

This Indian question is a series of questions, and most of these questions have not yet been answered; a problem, polysided and intricate.  Every endeavor to probe into the true inwardness of this wound, which is devitalizing a large section of the Northwest, meets with more or less opposition.  Between those who think there...[illeg]thing good save the Indian and those who believe there is no good Indian but the dead Indian, the seeker after truth has a hard time.  Up to this time no one other than Gen. Miles had succeeded in getting the Indian side of the causes which led to the campaign which now seems to have come to an end, but today I succeeded in gathering under one roof a number of the Indians who may be regarded, with perhaps one exception, as fair representatives of their tribes.  Some of these Indians will in a day or two leave here for Washington for the purpose of telling the Great Father their grievances, so I thought it might as just as well endeavor to find out just what these chiefs think of the present situation and of the causes which led up to it....  [there follows a very long account listing names.  Do not believe any are specifically mentioned as coming to DC.]

Jan. 28, 1891:  Evening Star:  [Dakota]

            The Indians Coming.

            They Are Expected to Reach This City To-morrow Morning.

            Indian Commissioner Morgan received a dispatch this morning from Special Indian Agent Lewis, who is in charge of the Sioux Indian delegation now on their way to this city, that the party left Chicago last evening.  They will reach here tomorrow morning.

            There are fourteen in the delegation, including three interpreters.  No arrangements have been made in regard to the hearing to be given to the delegation, but they will probably have their first interview with Secretary Noble on Friday.

Jan. 28, 1891:  New Haven Register:  [Dakota]

            The Indian Delegation.

            Indian Chiefs Selected by Gen. Miles Who Will Go to Washington.

            Pine Ridge Agency, Jan. 28—Gen. Miles has selected the following names chiefs to go to Washington:  Young-Man-Afraid-of-his Horse, American Horse, Fire thunder and Hump of the friendlies, and Little Wound, Big Head, He Dog, Ten Strike, High Hawk and High Pipe of the hostiles.  Gen. Miles will take with him to Chicago 40 Indians, who will go to Washington later on under the care of the war department.

Jan. 29, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

THE SIOUX CHIEFS HERE.  Eighteen Warriors Fresh From the Pine Ridge Reservation.  THEY ARE KEPT UNDER CLOSE WATCH AND NOT ALLOWED TO TALK--SECRETARY NOBLE TO HAVE THE FIRST CHANCE TO THEM--THE BRAVES IN THE PARTY AND FACTIONS THEY REPRESENT.

The Sioux Indian delegation arrived in the city this morning.  They had come from Chicago in a special car and reached here shortly after 7 o'clock.  The entire party, consisting of eighteen Indians and interpreters, went at once to Beveridge's boarding house on 3rd street, where they remain during their stay here.  Acting under orders from the Indian bureau Special Agent Lewis, who was in charge of the party, gave directions that no one should be allowed to speak with the Indians.  It is proposed that whatever they have to say Secretary Noble shall be the first to hear it.  Their wishes and complaints, however, were made known yesterday in the report of the pow-wow held with the chiefs by THE EVENING STAR's special correspondent at Pine Ridge.  There are fourteen Indians in the party and they are representative men.

WAITING TO GET THEIR STORE CLOTHES.

Like the majority of the members of the Sioux tribes these Indians are fine specimens of physical manhood.  They do not present as good appearance as they will later on when their store clothes are replenished.  About half the delegation appear in entire suits of civilized clothes and the other half wear a combination costume, part Indian and part civilized. It is probable that they will not call on the Secretary of the Interior until next week, and in the interval the Indian bureau will supply the deficiencies in their wardrobes.

THEY WERE NOT AT WOUNDED KNEE.

As these Indians hail directly from the center of the recent disturbances they are regarded with some apprehension by the general public.

The idea seems to be that the Indians are covered with the blood of the recent conflict and that their hands are still red.  Mr. W. D. Lewis, the agent who accompanies them, and who, by the way, is a member of the Columbia Athletic Club and a young man who has a large circle of friends in this city, told a EVENING STAR reporter that these Indians had not been engaged in the recent hostilities, and especially in the affair at Wounded Knee.

"That was Big Foot's band, you know, of about 250," he said.

"Where are these Indians now," asked the reporter.

"Some 100 are dead," he said, "and the rest are scattered over the country.  The Indians that represented this element led by Short Bull and Kicking Bear with about thirty of their braves are now at Fort Sheridan."

Mr. Lewis said that his delegation had come on the same train with Gen. Miles and the Indians for Fort Sheridan, and that the two parties separated at Chicago.

THE MEMBERS OF THE DELEGATION. 

The Indians comprising the delegation now in this city are as follows:  Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horses, Spotted Elk, American Horse, Two Strike, Little Wound, Hump, Big Road, Spotted Horse, He Dog, Fire Lightning, Fast Thunder, High Hawk and High Pipe.  Maj. Swords, the chief of Indian police at Pine Ridge, is with the party.  He is an Indian and a very capable official.  Rev. Chas. S. Cook, an Episcopal clergyman who is engaged in mission work at the agency, also came with the party.  Rev. Mr. Cook has some Indian blood in his veins.  He was educated in the east and is a man of intelligence and ability.  Two interpreters accompanied the delegation--Lewis Shrengran and Baptiste Pouriers.

THE TRIP FROM PINE RIDGE.     

Agent Lewis says that the trip through from Pine Ridge, occupying about four days, was an uneventful one.  The Indians had their own car and the doors were locked and no one was allowed to approach them.  The newspaper interviewers along the route were obliged to be satisfied with a chat with Mr. Lewis.  A great many people thought that the Indians belonged to some traveling show and this mistake hurt the feelings of the members of the delegation, who consider themselves great men.

ALL FACTIONS REPRESENTED

The delegation was selected by Gen. Miles because they are supposed to represent all factions of the Indians.  There are, in the first place, the Indians who are opposed to war and have been all along.  Spotted Horse, Young-Man-Afraid and American Horse are regarded as the representatives of this party.  Hump is an important man, as he is a friend of Gen. Miles, and also belongs to a band some of the members of which were with Big Foot in the Wounded Knee affair.  The Pine Ridge Indians who took part in the ghost dance are represented by Little Wound, Big Road and He Dog.  The Red Cloud faction will appear through Spotted Elk and Fire Lightning.  Spotted Horse represents the party which signed the Sioux treaty ceding their lands to the government.

Two Strike represents a hostile element, and there are other Indians who appear for the Brules.  As will be seen quite a number of the factions among the Indians have representatives in this delegation.  Those who actually engaged in the skirmish or battle, or whatever it may be called, are not here, for the good reason that the greater part are dead.

WHAT THEY WANT TO DO.

The Indians want to talk to the Secretary of the Interior and the commissioner of Indian affairs and they want to have a chance to say something to the committees of Congress about making food the promises of the Sioux commission.  No program has as yet been decided upon.  The Indians will be allowed time to get rested after their long journey and then next week the pow-wow will begin.  It is not probable that there will be any practical result to come from this visit, except that the Indians will be satisfied that their representatives have had a chance to talk with the Great Father.

AGENT LEWIS' OPINION.

Indian Agent Lewis thinks that the Indians will be all right if there is no outside interference.  He thinks that the Indian police force should be increased so that they can drive intruders off the reservations.  The Indians, he thinks, if not disturbed, will be able to work out their own salvation and become fitted to earn their own living.

MORE INDIANS COMING.

By direction of Indian Commissioner Morgan and with the consent of Secretary Noble a delegation of progressive Indians are on their way to this city from the Sioux reservations.  The delegation will include such men as John grass.  They will reach the city on Sunday and the conference with the Sioux delegation will be delayed until all the Indians can be heard.  The object in bringing on this new delegation is to hear the views of the friendly progressive Indians.

JAN. 30, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

HOW TO DEAL WITH REDS.  Some Mistakes in the Treatment of the Indians Pointed out.  QUALIFICATIONS OF AN AGENT.  The Penny-wise and Pound-foolish Policy of the Government for Cause of Much Trouble--Temptations of Agents--Why the Indians despise Them.

[Article in 1891 file - not copied here]

JAN. 30, 1891 WASH. POST [Dakota]

THIRTEEN BIG INDIANS.  The Delegation of Sioux Chiefs Arrives from the West.  THEY THINK IT IS A BIG COUNTRY.  Very Anxious to See The "Great Father" and Talk with Him--Likely to Be Disappointed--Spotted Elk's Heart Is Glad--The Dress and Manners of the Chiefs.

A distinguished delegation from the West arrived in Washington over the Pennsylvania road yesterday morning.  They were the Sioux chiefs who have been brought to Washington at the suggestion of Gen. Miles in order that they may see something of the power of the Government, and also that they may confer with the Secretary of the Interior and other prominent officials here who have to deal with the red men.

The visitors are big men in two senses of the words.  They are all chiefs, and are also fine, large specimens of the human animal.  The height of some of them, and the strength of limb and breadth of shoulders and chest of nearly all of them, are something remarkable.  Little Wound is particularly tall and powerful, and these characteristics, together with his gray hair and gravity and dignity of demeanor give him a very imposing appearance.

The members of the delegation of chiefs are are Two Strike, Little Wound, Young Man Afraid of His Horses, American Horse, Spotted Horse, Spotted Elk, He Dog, Fire Lightning, High Pipe, High Hawk, Fast Thunder, Big Road, and Hump.  Accompanying the chiefs were Special Indian Agent W. D. Lewis, of this city; Rev. Charles A. Cook, an Episcopal missionary of mixed Indian and white blood in the Sioux country; Maj. John M. Burke and Maj. Swords, who is an Indian and chief of the Indian police at Pine Ridge, and two interpreters, Baptiste Pourie and Louis Shangran.

The chiefs exhibit a great variety of garb.  Many of them are dressed as "big Injuns" would be expected to be, with feathers, beads, ornamental leggings, bracelets, and armlets; moccasins of bright beads and the other characteristic Indian garments.  Hump, who by the way has been in the employ of Gen. Miles, wears the dress of a private in the United States Army, while another chief wears an old cavalry uniform and shoulder straps.  One or two were dressed in ordinary citizen's clothes with boiled shirts, one of them, Crow Dog, having a spotless white shirt bosom with collar and tie.  The Interpreters were dressed as ordinary citizens on the frontier.  Many of the chiefs had blankets, and each carried a small bag as luggage.  Many wore red handkerchiefs about their necks.  With their size, the Indian garb that many of them wore, their wide, powerful and massive jaws, and their keen eyes, it would readily be imagined that they would be terrible objects when on the warpath.

The whole crowd were very tired on their arrival here, having traveled continuously for three or four days.  Their weariness had been intensified by the curious crowds that came about the train at various places where they stopped and made remarks about them.  The Indians do not know much English, but they manage to catch the drift of such remarks as "I'd like to put a bullet through the red devil," or "I'd like to stick a knife in that low-browed brute."  Such utterances hurt their feelings.  They were also offended by the fact that a good many persons thought they were traveling as a part of some show.  Their discomfort on the trip was increased by the fact that they were able to get very little meat.  Their food was mostly coffee and sandwiches brought into the cars.

The Indians were much interested in what they saw though they did not have much to say.  They were astonished at the great size of the country.  They passed through the gas and coke region of Pennsylvania last night, and the immense lighted wells and burning ovens excited a good deal of Indian wonder.  Spotted Elk, who is the most curious and voluble as well as humorous man in the crowd, talked about the coke ovens in guttural Sioux which was rendered into English somewhat as follows:  "Earth on fire.  Goes on all the time.  Rain cannot put out.  Never can burn up."  An objection was found to the light of the gas wells in that the light was never put out.  A hot-box, which the Indians thought was the result of the great speed of the train, gave rise to much discussion and wonder.  Spotted Elk got out to investigate the phenomenon and came near getting left.

The delegation occupies the two lower front rooms at Beveridge's, on Third street, near the Avenue, where Indians who visit Washington are generally boarded.  The rooms are pretty well filled with beds and cots.  Sitting on the cots and chairs, smoking pipes, cigars, and cigarettes, some of them laying down and some with their feet on the tables, the chiefs and interpreters held a levee during the whole day yesterday.  No one was allowed to see them, however, except officials and newspaper men, and Commissioner Morgan exacted from the latter a pledge that the Indians would not be questioned as to their grievances, as that subject is to be presented to the Secretary of the Interior. Curious crowds hung about the gate all day.

Visitors to the room were greeted with a "How" and a handshake.  The "How" sounds, however, more like a guttural "Huh" than anything else.

The Indian is at true American in the matter of handshaking, deeming it an indispensable formality.  Among the callers yesterday afternoon were Indian Commissioner Morgan, two lady teachers from the Indian school at Carlisle, and a number of civilized Indians from the Indian Territory, who where evidently curious to see and speak with the gentlemen from Dakota, the representatives of the great Sioux tribe, of which they had heard so much.       

In the course of the conversation, the fact was confirmed that the killing of Lieut. Casey was done by Many Horses, who was for a time at the Indian school at Carlisle, Pa., and whose training there does not seem to have been of particular benefit.  The fact that the killing was done by Many Horses was corroborated by American Horse and also by another of the delegation.

At 3 o'clock in the afternoon several of the chiefs were taken by Mr. Lewis to Saks & Co.'s clothing store and new clothing was bought for them.  Quite a crowd gathed (sic) round the store and the young saleswomen crowded up to see the chiefs.  After the purchase of clothing the Indians went back to the boarding-house, Spotted Elk remarking:  "Spotted Elk's heart is now glad.  He has two shirts, plenty of socks, a pair of pants, and a new hat."

At 5 o'clock the Indians were called to dinner and went without a second invitation.  At the table they addressed themselves directly to the good substantial fare furnished them.  American Horse, who has been here before and is something of an epicure, announced that he would like to have some broiled kidneys for breakfast. The chiefs are enormous eaters.  It might be expected that bloodthirsty Sioux would take their beef rare, but they do not.  They want it well done. They do not like a table where the food is served to each in small dishes.  They want it in big plates, and with no limit to the game.

The members of this delegation are chiefs from nearly all the different factions of the Sioux, hostile, friendlies, and all others, it being Gen. Miles' desire to give all of them a representation.  Another delegation representing the more progressive and better civilized portion if (sic) the tribe will arrive on Sunday.  John Grass will be among these.  Among those now here are some with rather bloody histories.  Two Strike, for example, is not a very large man physically, but he is pointed out as one who during the recent troubles brained two young bucks who were opposing the wishes of the rest of the band to come into the agency and make peace.

The conference of the Indians with the authorities will be held sometime next week.  There will be powwows with the Secretary of the Interior and the Indian Commissioner and perhaps with committees of Congress. The chiefs desire very much to see the President, "the Great Father."  The probabilities are, however, that they will not get to see "the Great Father," and if they do not they will go back very much disappointed.  They think the President is a sort of autocrat, and that he has the power to remedy all abuses.

Mr. John M. Burke, who went West with the Indians of the Wild West show, returned with this delegation as their friend and at their invitation.  The Omaha Bee states that Maj. Burke did more than any other civilian at the Pine Ridge agency in the interest of peace and speedy settlement of the trouble.  The "show Indians" were so very friendly to the whites during the outbreak that they excited the enmity of the hostiles.

JAN. 30, 1891 Wash. Post [DAKOTA]

Another delegation En Route.

By direction of the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs a delegation consisting of about fifteen Indians of the more progressive among the Sioux, from Standing Rock, Cheyenne River, Crow Creek, Lower Brule, Rosebud, and Pine Ridge agencies have been ordered to Washington.  The delegation will be in charge of T. W. Blackburn, of the Indian Office.  The delegation is expected to arrive here Sunday.  A hearing will be given both delegations by the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs early in the week, probably Tuesday.

JAN. 30, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

THE VISITING SIOUX.  Public Curiosity Must Be Satisfied at Long Range.

The old-fashioned house on 3d street that sits back from the street is the center just now of a curious crowd of callers.  They stand around on the sidewalk and they lean against the iron fence and Evening Stare at the house and then they rest their eyes by looking down the street and then they resume their Evening Stare.  The reason for this popular interest lies in the fact that the house is the temporary home of the Sioux Indian delegation that arrived in the city yesterday morning.  The Indians are not allowed to see general visitors, and hence the curiosity of the public can only be satisfied at long range.  Today there was more to be seen than usual because the mild weather caused the windows of the room which the Indians occupy to be thrown wide open.  The braves, wearing slouched hats and smoking cigarettes, could be seen at the windows.  They returned the gaze of the crowd with the apathy that is characteristic of the Indian and did not seem to mind the notoriety into which they had suddenly been elevated.

SIT AROUND AND SMOKE.

They had nothing to do today but to sit around and smoke, and this they did with a freedom which was not checked by the fact that they were occupying the parlor of the house.  As they all kept their hats on it might seem as if they had just dropped in for a moment and were intending to go out again.  But they continued to wear their hats all day and probably they neglect to remove them when they go to bed.  Yesterday those of the Indians who needed some additions to their wardrobes were taken to Saks' and were rigged out in the latest styles of store clothes.  They have a plentiful suply (sic) of tobacco, and when Tuesday comes they will be ready for the grand council with the Secretary of the Interior, which it is expected will begin that morning at the Interior Department.  Then the other Indians will be here and an opportunity will be given to all the Indians to express their views.

THEY VISIT THE MUSEUM,

This afternoon the Indians, accompanied by Special Agent Lewis; went to the National Museum and saw the curiosities that are collected there.  Tomorrow will be spent in sightseeing.  They will visit the Capitol, the Washington monument and other points of interest.  They make little trips on their account about the city, as they are very anxious to see everything.  They are good observers and when they return home they are able to entertain the members of the tribe for days with narratives of what they have seen and heard.

Today Rev. Mr. Cook, the Episcopal minister who is in charge of a church at Pine Ridge and who accompanied the delegation to this city, spent several hours in writing letters for the various members of the delegation to their friends at home.  These letters are interesting productions.  In the first place the relatives and friends are informed that they reached the end of the journey in safety and that they are now in the President's city.  The journey, they say, was a pleasant one.  When they reached the smoky city, as they describe Pittsburg, they were informed of a mine accident.  They then describe

in general way the accident, mention the number of lives lost and other details. They were much impressed with the natural gas wells they saw running near Pittsburg.  They also spoke of the death of Secretary Windom and how and when it occurred.  A more interesting piece of news was the fact that they were fitted out with new clothes.  There friends are informed that while they have not attended a council yet with the Great Father they expect to do so next week.  They add the assurance that they intend to speak for the best interests of the people and that they will send some account of what they say and what the Great Father says.

The Indian tries to get as much news as possible in the letters, and everything he writes is news, because his people do not keep Wash. Posted on the current news of the day.

On Sunday they will attend the various churches.  The Indian likes to go to church and is especially interested in the organ.  They will be received by the President before they return and it is possible that he may attend the conference at the Interior Department on Tuesday.

JAN. 30, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

The views and desires of the visiting delegation of Sioux have been fully printed in THE EVENING STAR in the report of the interviews had with them by THE EVENING STAR's correspondent at Pine Ridge before the Indians Evening Started eastward.  The announced decision to protect the Indians while in the east from being bothered for expressions of opinion before seeing the Secretary of Interior is consequently eminently proper. THE EVENING STAR's publication hs rendered it entirely unnecessary to annoy the Sioux in this manner.

Jan. 30, 1891:  New York Tribune:  [Dakota]

            The Sioux Delegation In The Capital

            Washington, Jan. 29.—The delegation of Sioux chiefs and head men arrived in the city to-day under the escort of Special Agent Lewis.  No definite arrangements for their conference with the Secretary of the Interior have yet been made.  It is probably however that the conference will take place next Saturday.  The delegation was accompanied by Colonel John M. Burke, at the special request of the Indians.

Jan. 30, 1891:  Sun [Baltimore, Md.]:  [Dakota]

            Sioux Indian Delegations.

            Washington, Jan. 29.—The delegation of Sioux Indians from the tribes concerned in the recent disturbances in the Northwest reached here today.  They were selected by General Miles as representing all the different factions, and will lay their views and grievances before Secretary Noble and Indian Commissioner Morgan.  Some of them are chiefs who took part in the ghost-dances but there are none who were engaged in the recent fights.  There are fourteen Indians in the party, which also includes Major Swords [sic], chief of the Pine Ridge Police, and himself an Indian, Rev. Charles S. Cook, as Episcopalian clergyman, and two interpreters.

            By direction of the Secretary of the Interior and the commissioner of Indian affairs, a delegation consisting of about fifteen Indians of the more progressive among the Sioux from Standing Rock, Cheyenne River, Crow Creek, Lower Brule, Rosebud and Pine ridge agencies have been ordered to Washington.  The delegation will be in charge of T. W. Blackburn, of the Indian office.  The delegation is expected to arrive here Sunday.  A hearing will be given both delegations by the Secretary of the Interior and the commissioner of Indian affairs early in the week, probably Tuesday.

JAN. 31, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

THE SIOUX INDIANS.  The Other Delegates Delayed--Those Now Here Taken to See the Sights.

A telegram was received this morning at the Indian office from Mr. T. W. Blackburn, who is bringing another delegation of Sioux Indians to this city, stating that owing to the condition of the Missouri river the Indians from the Standing Rock, Crow Creek, Cheyenne and Lower Brule reservations would be unable to reach Chicago before Tuesday.  Mr. Blackburn, with Indians from the Pine Ridge and Rosebud reservations, will arrive in Chicago on Monday, and when the other Indians come in the entire party will leave for this city and will probably reach here Wednesday or Thursday.  In that event it is probable that the conference with the Indians which was set for Tuesday will not be held until Thursday.

JAN. 31, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

CHIEFS ARE ALL SERENE.  The Delegation of Sioux Braves Spent a Quiet Day Yesterday.  WILL VIEW THE SIGHTS TO-DAY.   Thirteen Shrewd Statesmen Who Come to Talk to Gen. Noble and the President--Every Man Has a Speech for the Secretary--A Great Number of Visitors.

The thirteen Indian chiefs who have come to Washington to call this Government's attention to the fact that Indians have some rights which ought to be respected, spent a very quiet day yesterday.  Most of the time they spent at their quarters, at No. 224 Pennsylvania avenue northwest.  Parties of two or three went out now and then to see some of the sights of the city, but the lucky or unlucky thirteen did not go out in a body during the day.

Those of the party who had not been supplied with city clothes on Thursday were yesterday measured and outfitted from heel to head, and none of the Sioux braves will hereafter be seen on the streets of the Capital in the costume of the wild and woolly far West.  Saks' suits have replaced the picturesque products of prairie tailors, and the dusky inheritors of the land have donned sack coats and big trousers that fit a good deal better than the suits of some pale-faces.

The Indians were besieged with visitors.  Professional men and business men and women and boys and girls were going all day yesterday to the house where the braves are stopping.  The callers gave various reasons for wishing to see the red men, and all the reasons seemed to be good.  The number of callers became so great, however, that orders had to be issued to refuse admission to everybody who did not have an order from the Indian Commissioner.  So numerous were the inquirers that Rev. C. S. Cook, the minister who came with the party, changed his quarters last night to the National Hotel, in order that he might have time to attend to some of his correspondence and business affairs.

The braves whiled away the time leisurely.  The ringing of door-bells and the advent of newcomers did not cause them any unconcern.  With an appearance of serene indifference they submitted to all vicissitudes, and were still in good form at bedtime last night.  The chiefs lounged around their rooms, the porches, and the yards of their building.  They smoke a great deal, enjoying a cigarette, but preferring the luxury of a pipe full of kinnikinic, a preparation made of the barks and leaves of red sumac or red willow.  This is the North American Indian's favorite smoke, and he returns to it in spite of the seductiveness of the cigarette of civilization.

It is a great source of amusement to the Indians, while idle, to make jokes at each other's expense, and the nagging is kept up from morning till night unless something more serious demands their attention.  Spotted Elk is the Bill Nye of the party, and makes it interesting for his companions when he has time to be sociable.  Though this is his first visit to Washington, he has not allowed his witty tendencies to lead him to be facetious at the expense of this city.  Spotted Elk, High Pipe, and High Hawk are the members of the party who have never before been to the Capital.  They are specially impressed with the immensity and beauty of the buildings, but what strikes them most forcibly is the vast number of people. 

To encounter crowds of people at every corner and crossing, all along the sidewalks, and even in the houses, is an experience to which the ancient owners of the United States are not accustomed in their reserved sections.

The chiefs were not inclined to move around much yesterday, but at times during the day two or three would go out on the streets to look around a bit.  A party of them, in charge of Special Agent Lewis, paid a visit to the National Museum.  To-day a conveyance will be secured and the entire party taken around to the Capitol and other leading points of interest in the vicinity.

Though the chiefs are here to present a grievance to the Secretary of the Interior, they talk very little about that matter in their conversations with each other.  Every man has his opinion formed and his speech framed, and each one of them will deliver his speech to the Secretary next Tuesday, if permitted to do so. However, the Indians will probably hold a formal consultation to-day over what shall be said.

Whether looked at from a civilized or a savage standpoint, there are some strong men, intellectually as well as physically, in this party of Indian chiefs.  Look at this trio coming around the corner at Third street and Pennsylvania avenue.  The sidewalk is broad enough, but they do not walk side by side.  They go in procession, one behind the other, true Indian file.  Observe the man in front.  He is six feet two inches tall, perhaps a giant in frame, stalwart and erect, except for a slight stoop in the shoulders, characteristic of a man who bends his head in study or meditation.  His long, black hair falls down over his shoulders, and his slouch hat is fixed firmly upon his head.  Street gamins are gazing at him with wide-stretched eyes, passers-by look at him with interest, and the women steal curious glances at him.  Apparently unconscious of it all, he goes on, his head bowed as if in study, his step long and regular, his demeanor dignified, and it may be a little contemptuous of those who try to satisfy their curiosity by gazing at him.  He bears a big head on his two broad shoulders.  His face is interesting.  The native hue of his resolution has not been sicklied [sic] o'er by the pale cast of thought, but resolution and thought ate blended in the deep lines that seam his countenance.  It is a strong face, with firmly-set lips, square chin, and steady eye.  This is a man who may be wronged, but can't be fooled.

The whole party is said by those who know its members to be men of shrewdness and ability.  They are a little confused by their unwonted surroundings and the curiosity with which they ar regarded, but when they come down to business they are matches for an ingenious white man.  The Indian in fact is not the gullible chump of the imagination and the dime novel.

Jan. 31, 1891:  Morning Journal and Courier [New Haven, Ct.]:  [Dakota:  Brule, Oglala]

            The Sioux Delegation.

            In Washington to Have a Talk With the “Great Father.”

            Washington, Jan. 20[sic].—The delegation from the Sioux nation arrived this morning at 8:45, conducted by Special Agent Lewis of the Indian department.  Heading the delegation was Young-Man-Afraid-of-His Horses, now head chief of the nation; Two Strike, chief of the Brules; American Horse, chief of the Ogallalas; Little Wound, He Dog, Big Road, Hump Standing Elk, Spotted Horse, Fire Lightning, Spotted Elk, Fast Thunder, High Hawk, High Pipe and Captain Sword, chief the Indian police.  Accompanying them were the interpreters, the Rev. E. C. Cook (a full blooded Indian), Louis Shaugean (half breed) and Big Bat, a squaw man.

            Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horses was of course a conspicuous figure.  He is powerfully built, five feet six in height and about fifty years of age, with clear cut features, the eyes of a hawk and a fine open countenance.

            Two Strike was still asleep, but was awakened by Fast Thunder.  He is short, quite old, lame and very wrinkled, but has a face indicating much strength of character.

            Little Wound is a tall handsome Indian with an eye as clear, bright and unflinching as that of an eagle.

            Among the Indians Hump is probably the finest looking.  He is over six feet in height, erect, broad-shouldered, with the small hands and feet characteristic of the Sioux.  His face is superbly cast, with intelligence, force and dignity in its every expression.  They are a fine looking body of men, fearless and full of strength.  To-morrow it will probably be arranged when they are to be heard by the president.

FEB. 1, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

BRAVES SEE THE TOWN. Chiefs Spend a Day Among the Attractions of the Capital.  SECRECY ABOUT THEIR MISSION.  The Indian Bureau Shuts the Indians' Mouths and Blockades the Reporters--Big-Injun-Fond-of-a-Slug-of-Whiskey-- an Aboriginal Theater Party.

The Sioux Indians from the Pine Ridge agency, who are in the city after their exhausting winter's "ghost dances," spent yesterday in sight-seeing part of the day, and in loafing the rest of the time.  Quite a considerable proportion of them brought their thirst for liquor with them, and found plenty of people about the streets and hotel lobbies last night who would buy liquor for them.

When a party of them with the some convivial white man would range up to a bar they would say "how" to the barkeeper and nod solemnly but impressively.  All the bartenders about the lower end of the Avenue had learned that the Indian's invariable tipple is whisky, and they would put up the black bottle without the redskins naming their choice more specifically than by a nod.

As Rev. Mr. Cook, the missionary interpreter who accompanies the Indians, said last night, they have no money and can only drink when somebody asks them.  Of course this does not apply to all the Indians in the delegation, as some of them are Christian converts and do not drink.  One of the most remarkable of these is American Horse, the brave who has been unswervingly loyal to the Government through all the troubles.  He has been converted for some time, the Baptist missionaries having won him to that religion.  He has never been baptized, though, because he has more wives than a good Baptist can have, being the husband of two buxom and well-conditioned squaws.  So he can not be baptized and become a full member of the church until one of them dies.  His position is a delicate one, as barring his over-indulgence in marriage, he is an exemplary man, and fully worthy of full church membership.

Yesterday morning the Indians went to call on Maj. Pollock at the Wash. Post-office Department, who used to be the agent at Pine Ridge, and for whom the Indians have a very warm regard.  From there the delegation went to the National Museum and looked through it.  They were naturally interested in the Catlin collection of paintings of Indian chiefs and scenes from Indian life, as well as in the collections of Indian curios, with which the institution is so well supplied.  They walked up and down the streets for a while, and then most of them went to their rooms on Third street and smoked and talked.

They were very much impressed by all they saw, and are evidently disposed to be tractable.  About half the delegation are of what are called the hostiles and the rest are more or less friendly toward the Government.  Of these last Maj. Sword is the leader.  He is the chief of the Indian police, which did such good work in connection with the recent outbreak, and he is soon to become an officer in the Regular Army.  Of course he can be implicitly relied on by the Government.

The present negotiation is being conducted under the same policy of secrecy that has characterized so many of the proceedings of the Indian Bureau.  It will be remembered that when Buffalo Bill's Indians were here, some time ago, Acting Commissioner of Indian Affairs Belt was closeted alone with them for a long while, and neither Mr. Salsbury, Maj. Burke, nor any of Buffalo Bill's business representatives, nor the reporters, were allowed to be present.  Afterward, it having been developed during Mr. Belt's secret interview that the Indians had no complaints to make, the doors were thrown open and the reporters and others who wished to were allowed to hear Mr. Belt's speech to the Indians and also the interpretations of what the Indians had to say after the secret interview was over.

A similar policy was followed in this case.  Before the Indians Evening Started to Washington they were put under pledges not to tell any one what their grievances were, or what they wished to accomplish by their trip here.  Indian Commissioner Morgan wrote his instructions in this regard to Special Agent Lewis, who brought the Indians here some time ago, and the Indians agreed to the commissioner's wishes before the evening started.  It was pursuant to this policy that reporters were excluded from the Indians' car en route here, and commissioner Morgan gave reporters permission to see the redskins, after exacting promises not to question them about their grievances.

Of course the secrecy amounts to nothing in particular, as the newspapers have already printed all the information about the beef rations and other bones of contention that the public wants to read.

Rev. C. S. Cook, the Episcopalian clergyman, who came with the Indians as one of the three interpreters, is a highly educated half-breed Sioux, and he says that in accordance with the commissioner's instructions he cannot talk of the Indians' grievances.  He was educated first in the Episcopalian mission schools, afterward going to the college in Nebraska.  From there he went to Andalusia College, near Philadelphia, for five years, and then, in 1877 to Trinity College, at Hartford, Conn., graduating from it in 1881 with the degree of M.A.  Afterward he took the degree of doctor of divinity at the theological seminary in Minnesota and became an Episcopalian clergyman.

He says that while a large proportion of the delegation he came with is what are called hostiles, they are not really evilly disposed Indians.  When the Wounded Knee killing of women and children occurred, they feared a like fate, and took refuge in the Bad Lands, from where they were brought with so much difficulty, largely through the efforts of American Horse.  It is expected that a good many of the Indians will go to church to-day, though they cannot understand the services, so different from their own ghost dances.

Manager Rapley, of the National Theater, and Manager Canby, of Francis Willson's "Merry Monarch" Opera Company, have obtained the consent of Secretary Noble for the chiefs to occupy four boxes at the National Theater on Monday evening.

FEB. 2, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]  NOTE:  Most NOT copied.

BAD FOR GOOD INDIANS.  What is Said at Pine Ridge About the Washington Delegation Business.  A PREMIUM ON LAZINESS.  Now the System Operates Against the Indian Who Works--Braves Get Consideration Only When They Go to War--The Brules Who Went With Gen. Miles to Fort Sheridan.

Staff Correspondence of The Evening Star.  Pine Ridge, S.D., January 27.  In the minds of those who have interested themselves in this awful mystery, the Indian problem, there must always be doubt as to the righteousness or usefulness of this practice of sending delegations of Indians to Washington, and no one who knows the situation will hesitate for a moment to state that the manner in which these representative chiefs or headmen are selected is all wrong.  Yesterday a number of Indians left Pine Ridge for Chicago and Washington.  Of the more than two score who were thus honored not more than one or two are entitled to the slightest consideration at the hands of this or any other administration.  For many years the Indian bureau has been insisting that the Indian should work; that he should follow the plow and reap the golden or any other colored harvest that rewarded his toil.  Democrats and republicans alike have agreed on the idea that it would be good for the modern editions of Fenimore Cooper's phantasies (sic) to earn their bread by the sweat of their respective brows, and yet can any one point to a working Indian that ever got to Washington as a representative of his tribe?  [SEE XEROX FOR REST OF ARTICLE -- gets away from delegation info.]

FEB. 2, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

INDIANS AT THE CAPITOL.  The Sioux Visitors Get Their Pictures Taken--Hospitalities From Saloon Keepers.

The Sioux Indians went to the Capitol this morning and were much interested in what they saw there.  They made a very thorough inspection of the building and were themselves the center of curious crowds.

This afternoon they had their pictures taken, both individually and as a group.  The Indians have been the recipients of some hospitality since they have been here and especially from the saloon keepers.  Special Agent Lewis, who is in charge of the party, however, objects to these attentions on the part of the saloon keepers and today he called in the district attorney and invoked the aid of that official to prosecute all who are detected selling liquor to Indians.  Agent Lewis states that he is going to break up the practice if possible.  None of the Indians have so far had too much liquor, but Agent Lewis doesn't propose to take any chances.  He will stop drinking altogether if he can.

The Indians attended the Sabbath afternoon service at the Deaf and Dumb Institution at Kendall Green.  As the sign language was used in the exercises the Indians had no difficulty in understanding what was said.  They were able to carry on conversation with the Indians.  The sign language is universally understood by all primitive people.

FEB. 2, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

Our Pine Ridge correspondent calls attention to the evil results of apparently rewarding the

hostile Indians by taking them to Washington and Chicago to be clothed, feasted and made much of, while the friendly, working Indians are apparently punished for their faithfulness by being left on the reservation in comparative cold and hunger.  There is point to this criticism.  The government's justification in taking "bad" Indians east would probably be found, however, in the tendency to peace which might be expected to follow from appreciation by them of the numbers and power of the whites.  It is natural, too, that those who rebelled should be viewed as the best informed concerning the reasons for rebelling, and that the authorities here should wish to discuss the causes of the outbreak with its leaders.  Possibly the most effective disposition of the "bad" Indian leaders, if it were feasible, would be to hold them as hostages at Washington or Chicago all through next spring, when there is danger of an uprising; and to distribute the good food, black suits, and high hats among the faithful, working Indians who deserve reward.  The killing of the fatted calf for the prodigal sons among the Indians is seriously overdone, if it is expected that any of them are to remain faithful and industrious.  The goodly raiment, white hats and medals, which the Indian views as rewards of merit, should at any rate be lavished upon the "good" more profusely than upon the "bad" Indians, even if it be considered wise to make eastern tourists of the latter.

FEB. 2, 1891  Wash. Post [Dakota]

Another Sioux Delegation Coming.

Rushville, Neb., Feb. 1. -- Another delegation of Indian chiefs, consisting of John Grass, White Bird, American Horse, Turning Hawk, and Three Evening Stars, left here to-night for Washington, in charge of T. W. Blackburn, chief of the Department of Education of the Indian Bureau, to pay their respects to the Great Father.

FEB. 2, 1891  Wash. Post  [Dakota]

The Sioux Chiefs' Sunday.

The Sioux braves who have been here for some days spent yesterday as quietly and peacefully as any one could wish.  In the morning they went, in groups, to the different churches near where they are stopping, and in the afternoon they drove out to Kendall Green at the Government's expense.  To-day they will go sight-seeing again.  It is understood that the conference with Secretary Noble cannot be held as soon as was expected, because some of the chiefs who are to compose the delegation are snowed in en route.

FEB.2, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

Two Strike will make a great mistake if he leaves the city without calling on President Nick Young.

FEB. 2, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

It is sincerely hoped that while our Indian visitors are in the city the House of Representatives will maintain its present calm.  The noble red man has a lofty opinion of the ghost dance, and it would be downright cruelty to give him a practical demonstration of what an insignificant thing it is compared to a Congressional riot on a point of order.

FEB. 2, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

"Poor Lo," Indeed.  From the Philadelphia Record.

The bakers' dozen of Sioux chiefs now in Washington have already donned the clothes of civilization and taken to smoking cigarettes.  In this latter fact there may be seen strong evidence of the Indian's complete degeneracy.

FEB. 2, 18991 Wash. Post [Dakota]

The Gist of the Indian Troubles.  Hiram Price in the February Forum.

Most people are under the impression that we are paying large sums of money every year out of the public treasury for the support of the Indians.  It will doubtless be a surprise to such to learn that a very large part of the money appropriated by Congress for the Indian service belongs to the Indians, and is held in trust for them, so that in fact we are, to that extent, merely giving them their own.  The regular Indian bill generally appropriates about $5,000,000.  But after deducting the money which the Government only holds in trust and the necessary expenses of transportation and distribution, it will be found, by careful examination of the accounts, that the Indians get from the Government for their subsistence only about $7 per capita yearly, or a fraction less than 2 cents a day.  The pay of the Army amounts to about $1,000 per annum for each soldier.  The principal business of these soldiers is to permit Indian outbreaks.  We thus limit the Indian to 2 cents per day for food, making him sufficiently hungry and desperate to commit some depredation so that the soldier may have something to do to earn his pay.  This we dignify with the title of statesmanship, but from a common-sense, business standpoint, it looks very much like saving at the spigot and wasting at the bung-hole. 

Feb. 2, 1891:  Plain Dealer [Cleveland]:  [Dakota]

            Taking In The Sights.

            The Sioux Delegation in Washington Attend a Comic Opera.

            Washington, Feb. 1.—The delegation of Sioux Indians who are here to confer with the great father about their grievances are enjoying all the pleasure of sight seeing and every effort is being made by those who are in charge of them to render their trip to the capital enjoyable. 

On Monday night the chiefs will occupy four boxes at the National theater, as the guests of Manager Canby of Francis Wilson’s comic opera company.  As none of the hostiles have ever before been to a theater or seen a theatrical performance of any description, the glittery and spectacular display of “The Merry Monarch” will doubtless be a decided novelty to them.  They will be in charge of G. E. Bailey, a professor of metallurgy in the South Dakota college, who is also an interpreter and a member of the Sioux tribe, known by the Indian cognomen of Big Fish.  The party will consist of American Horse, and Young Man Afraid of His Horses, two friendlies; Two Strike, who was the leader of the Ogallalla Sioux in the Custer massacre, and Little Wound and Eagle Pipe, each hostiles; Yankton Charley, an old government scout, who in 1857 was one of the Indian leaders in securing the cession of lands to the United States which formed the territory of Dakota; Big Road and nine others.

Feb. 2, 1891:  Oregonian:  [Dakota]

            [In addition to duplicating the Feb. 2, Plain Dealer article, there is also the following]

            Rushville, Neb., Feb. 1.—Chief John Grass and White Bird and three young men—Turning hawk, American Horse, Jr., and Three Stars—in charge of T. W. Blackburn, of the Indian department, left last night for Washington to pay their respects to the “Great Father.”  They all speak English and are educated.  They are in great contrast to the delegation which left here a week ago.

FEB. 3, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

[under Amusements, if I remember correctly]

NATIONAL.--Francis Wilson and his pleasing opera, "The Merry Monarch," returned to the National Theater last night and a large audience fully attested the popularity of the comedian and his associates.  The merits of this performance have already been discussed and it only need be said that the principals were as pleasing, the chorus as effective, the scenery as attractive and the costumes as gorgeous as ever.  Mr. Wilson introduced a number of new local gags, some of them prompted by the presence of the visiting Sioux Indians, who occupied all the boxes.  These children of the forest enjoyed the performance heartily.  They were particularly attracted by the vivacity of Marie Jansen, and were so marked in their demonstrations of approval that they nearly broke her up.  Mr. Hub Smith met with a hearty reception and the efforts of Miss Laura Moore, who is prettier than ever, and Chas. Plunkett were fully appreciated.

FEB. 3, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

THE COMING INDIANS.  Expected to Reach Here Tomorrow Afternoon--When the Pow-wow Will Be Held.

A new delegation of Sioux Indians will reach the city tomorrow afternoon.  It will number about eighteen and include representatives from the five Sioux agencies.  These Indians will represent the progressive element among the Indians, as the delegation now in the city represents to a large extent the dissatisfied, non-progressive Indians.  The latter delegation was selected by Gen. Miles, the former by direction of the Secretary of the Interior, through the Indian bureau.  The purpose is to secure a full representation of all classes of Indians at the conference which will be held on Saturday morning at 10 o'clock at the Interior Department.  The Secretary of the Interior and the commissioner of Indian affairs are in entire accord of this question and desire as far as possible to get at all the facts of the Indian question that the red man can assist in bringing to the light.

THE EVENING STAR COMMENDED.

Indian Commissioner Morgan, in speaking of the picture given by THE EVENING STAR'S correspondence at Pine Ridge of the method of distributing rations, said that he was glad that the matter had been presented in so strong a way by an unprejudiced observer.  He had in his last annual report called attention to the demoralization resulting from the custom of requiring all the Indians to go to agency headquarters to receive supplies.  He had recommended that stations be established where a farmer could have his headquarters, where there should be a blacksmith shop, a day school and other facilities.  In order that this plan might be carried into effect he had recommended that Congress make an additional appropriation for the employment of farmers to be placed in charge of such stations.  Gen. Morgan said that he seriously trusted that something might be done in this direction.  Among the Indians coming with the new delegation are the following:  White Bird, John Grasse (sic), Turning Hawk, Mad Bear, Robert American Horse and Clarence Three Evening Stars.  Louis Priemean (sic), interpreter.

FEB. 3, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

Now if we can only get the Indians to smoking cigarettes with the constancy characterizing the efforts of some of our youth in that direction it will not be long until we shall see them all under the ground or in institutions for the feeble minded.  It should be an easy thing to do, too, for Indians are not very nice in their tastes.

FEB. 3, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

More Indian chiefs are coming to town, a delegation of friendlies.  The prodigal son is already here, and the faithful hardworking elder brother is also to have a chance at the fatted calf.

FEB. 3, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

MORE CHIEFS COMING.  Claim to Be the Only Decent, Respectable Indians Ever Invited Here.

Omaha, Neb., Feb. 2. -- According to the stories told by Indians who were here to-day on their way to Washington there is a conflict between Secretary Noble and Commissioner Morgan over the treatment of the Indians.  They say the delegation of chiefs now in Washington is made up entirely of Indians of the worthless class, none of whom ever worked.  This fact was reported to Commissioner Morgan who at once sent for a delegation of industrious, progressive Indians to visit Washington and present their side of the case.  Previous to this action not one of the latter class has been called to Washington, and Indians who were called at once began to taunt the industrious ones over the conditions of things. They drew the only moral there was in it--that it did not pay to work, but if every Indian would at once proceed to dance and fight they would at once receive the attention and respect of the Great Father.  The delegation left for Chicago to-day, where they will be joined by parties of Indians from the Lower Brule and Standing Rock agencies and proceed to Washington.

FEB. 3, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

The visiting Indians witnessed "The Merry Monarch" last night.  "Hub" Smith had a great opportunity to avenge the whites who perished in the late unpleasantness, but he failed to take advantage of it, and "Listen to My Tale of Woe" was not hurled at the ex-hostiles.

FEB. 3, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

THE VISITING INDIANS.  The Pow-Wow Will Probably Take Place Thursday--Too Much "Treating."

"Have you an order?" was asked a hundred times yesterday of people who wanted to see the Indians who are stopping down on Third street just above the Avenue.  If the callers did not have an order from Gen. Morgan they were told they could not see the Indians.  This was by Gen. Morgan's orders, and he, being the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Sioux who are here being in his custody, his wishes are of course obeyed.

Yesterday afternoon the commissioner and some ladies saw the Indians for a little while, and they were the only people to see them who did not need permission.  In the morning the Indians went up to the Capitol, and walked all through it, neither house being in session, and they spent the morning looking about the building, until luncheon time, when they went back to their boarding-house.  After lunch they all went to Bell's photograph gallery, and a picture of the whole group was taken.  Then they went back to their quarters again, and spent the afternoon talking and smoking.

Agent Blackburn, who is on the way here with a dozen of more Sioux chiefs, is expected to arrive to-morrow, and the conference with the Interior Department officials will probably take place Thursday.  It is expected that the conference will be secret and that reporters will be excluded, though no orders to this effect have been announced as yet.

Special Agent Lewis is said to be displeased at the conviviality of his charges, who he says, are altogether too frequently treated by saloon-keepers.  He has asked the District's attorney if the continuance of the "treating" could not be permited.

FEB. 3, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

AMUSEMENTS.  The Return of "The Merry Monarch" to the National.

...The Indians now in Washington, were by permission of the Department of the Interior present on the invitation of the management.  They clapped their hands in vehement approval, and went so far as to indulge in an occasional whoop, rather to the disturbance of the performers, but to the infinite amusement of everybody.

FEB. 4 , 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

THE SIOUX CHIEFS.  They Visit the Capitol and See the House in Session.

The Sioux Indians who are in this city spent yesterday very quietly, staying in their boarding-house most of the day on account of the bad weather.  About noon all but three or four of them walked up to the Capitol, and after seeing the House in session for a short while went back to luncheon.  Most of them spent the afternoon and evening at the house smoking and talking, though a few walked out with their guards.

The Beveridge family, who keep the boarding-house where the Indians are stopping, are constantly troubled by people who want to see the Indians.  Under Gen. Morgan's orders, however, none are admitted who have not secured written permission from him.

The Indians have heard of Yank Hoe and Omene, and have expressed a desire to see their mysterious entertainment at Willard Hall.  Agent Lewis, of the Department of the Interior, and the Rev. Mr. Cook will, therefore, accompany the Sioux delegation to the performance on Thursday night.

FEB. 5, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

The visiting Indians are to attend a sleight-of-hand performance to-night.  They probably desire to get on the inside of the messiah business.

FEB. 5, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

MORE INDIANS IN TOWN.  Arrival of the Delegation of Progressive Red Men. NOT PICTURESQUE AS THE REST.  Young Female Pupils of the Corcoran Art School Who Want to Paint a Wild Indian-- How Two Strike Got His Name--The Pow-wow to Be Held Soon.

There is a band of a little less than forty redskins in the city to-day, all from the Sioux nation.  The fourteen hostiles that came east last week were yesterday joined by twenty-two more Indians from the Sioux country, and now the delegation that the Secretary of the Interior is to interview to-morrow is complete.

The supplemental band of Indians arrived yesterday at 2:30 o'clock, over the B. & O. road.  They were in charge of Mr. Blackburn, of the Indian Office, and they walked from the railroad station to the boarding-house on Third street, where the Sioux who had preceded them are quartered.  They are a very different looking lot from the first crowd that came from the regions of the recent disturbances.  Nearly every one of them wore "store clothes," and some of them had their black hair cut short.  They are far less picturesque than the others were when they arrived in their war paint and feathers and clumsily-draped blankets.

The early arrivals though, all but Two Strike, the little old chief who is third in rank of the Sioux nation, have now adopted the garb of civilization for the most part.  They cling to their moccasins, though, and several of them, refused to put their feet into shoes.  Two Strike's only concession to civilized notions of dress is to wear a pair of black trousers.  Wrapped in a gay blanket, his long, shiney hair hanging in two plats down the two sides of his shrivelled yellowish face, he sits close beside the big stove in the parlor of the boarding-house, on Third street, and devotes his attention to keeping warm.

The original of Two Strike's name is interesting.  The facetious suggestion that it comes from the national game of baseball is, of course, erroneous. The appellation is as proud a one as an Indian could bear, from an Indian's point of view.  For an Indian to kill an enemy is commonplace.  But an especially brave Indian will, after he has killed his enemy, dismount from his pony and strike his dead enemy's body with his open hand, or a feather, as if to say: "If you were alive, I could kill you again."  This ghastly, boasting blow is often given at a great risk, as the dead Indian's friends always try to kill the particular enemy that killed him.  The second strike is often given at greater risk than the first had been, and an Indian is always very proud of having given it.

The Sioux language has its numerals, one, two, three, but nothing corresponding to our first, second, third, &c, so what should be second strike in the Indian tongue, becomes Two Strike, the old warrior's name.  He is famous, for the number of times he has given the "two strike."

It was so cold yesterday that the Indians did not venture out much.  They went up to the Capitol for a while, that being the nearest place of interest to their boarding house, and in the afternoon they stayed at home and awaited the arrival of the other Indians.

While at the Capitol the redskins had an informal conference with Chairman Perkins, of the Committee of Indian Affairs, and several members of the committee.  It was entirely informal, and while neither the committee nor the Indians were disposed to divulge anything or advance any ideas, there was on each side a disposition to sound the other and ascertain what they intended or were willing to do.

Some of the members of the original delegation are acquainted with those that came yesterday, and they introduced those unacquainted.  The rest of the day was spent in talking.  There was a sort of informal pow-wow, though the Indians were very reserved in their talk.  The interpreters, known to be friendly to the Government, were always about, and probably more than half the entire delegation are well disposed.  The hostiles are naturally more or less "offish" under these circumstances, and no formal pow-wow with any definite end in view could be held.

One of the Indians who came yesterday is an officer of the Indian police and wore the shoulder-straps of a lieutenant.  Another of them, the one who is best known here in Washington, is John Grass, who has been here a number of times.  The Indians who arrived yesterday were snowed in for some time en route, and they are naturally quite tired with their journey.

The noble red men have a whole lot of uncommonly pretty girls in love with them.  They are the young ladies who compose the portrait class of the Corcoran Art School and their admiration is artistic rather than personal.  They think it would be perfectly lovely to paint a real live Indian, and if the Indians are here long enough, the young artists will probably have one of them to pose before them.

The boarding-house where the Indians are stopping is besieged each evening by visitors who want to see the Indians and hundreds of them who have obtained proper passes from Indian Commissioner Morgan have been admitted.

FEB. 5, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

ALL THE INDIANS HERE.  The Last Party Considered to Be All of the Friendly Persuasion.  WHO THEY ARE AND SOMETHING OF THIER HISTORY--THE STANDING OF THE FIRST DELEGATION AT THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT--THE HEARING TO TAKE PLACE SATURDAY.

The party of twenty Indians and interpreters who arrived in the city yesterday afternoon were selected from the various Sioux tribes under the direction of the commissioner of Indian affairs.  They came east in charge of Mr. T. W. Blackburn of the Indian office and are located at the boarding house on 3d street where the other Sioux delegation is staying.  There was not room enough in the one house for all the members of both parties, numbering together about thirty Indians, and quarters were secured in a neighboring house.  The new delegation is composed entirely of what are known as friendly Indians, a term used to distinguish the progressive Indians from the hostiles and ghost dancers.

THE NEW DELEGATION.

Their names and the reservations from which they come are as follows: 

Pine Ridge reservation -- Robert American Horse, White Bird, Charles Turning Hawk, Grass; Clarence Three Evening Stars, interpreter.

Rosebud reservation--Louis Richard, interpreter; Hollow Horn Bear, He Dog, Good Voice, Quick Bear.

Lower Brule -- Aleck Rencountre, Medicine Bull, Big Mane, One-to-Play-With; Rev. Luke C. Walker, interpreter.

Standing Rock--Louis Primeau, interpreter; John Grass, Mad Bear.

Cheyenne River--Little No Heart, Straight Head, Crow Creek, White Ghost, Wizi.

Rev. Luke C. Walker, is a full-blooded Sioux and is a regularly ordained minister of the Episcopal church.  He has charge of several churches among the Sioux.  He accompanies the Indians from the Lower Brule agency and pays his own expenses.

The wife of Louis Primeau is a member of the party.  As he was married on the 20th of December this is their wedding trip.

Robert American Horse and Charles Turning Horse are catechists in the Episcopal church.

WAS A LAY DELEGATE.

White Bird of Pine Ridge was a lay delegate a few years ago to a Catholic convention held in the east.  He is a prominent member of that church.

Clarence Three Evening Stars, who left the Carlisle school about six years ago, and has been earning his living ever since as a tailor and also as clerk in a trader's store, enjoys the further distinction of being the first full-blooded Sioux Indian who ever came here as an interpreter.

Grass is the man with the great voice that can be heard at a greater distance on the reservation than any other voice.  He is "the caller" on ration days.

The prominent man of the delegation is John Grass, who is a good talker and, what is more, practices what he preaches.  When at home he lives in a good house, sends his children to school and is a successful farmer.

Straight Head is the chief of the Indian police at the Cheyenne River agency.

Alexander Rencontre speaks both English and Sioux, but he is not here as an interpreter merely.  He is also a delegate from the Lower Brule.

STANDING OF THE FIRST PARTY.

The standing of the members of the other delegation, who were selected by Gen. Miles, is stated at the Indian office to be as follows:

Pine Ridge reservation -- Young-Man-Afraid; always been friendly and loyal to the government, following in the footsteps of his father; not a ghost dancer.  Little Wound; ghost dander; hostile during the late trouble.

American Horse --Not a ghost dancer; friendly and loyal to the government during the late troubles.  His record is clear during troubles of previous years. Fast Thunder--Not a ghost dancer; friendly and loyal during the present disturbances. His previous record is good.  Spotted Horse--Not a ghost dancer; friendly and actively loyal to the government during the late troubles.  Previous record good.  Fire Lightning--not a ghost dancer; friendly and loyal to the government.  Instrumental in bringing about peace at Pine Ridge.

IN THE CUSTER FIGHT.

Big Road, a ghost dancer, hostile during the late troubles, took part in the Custer fight in 1876.  He Dog, a ghost dancer, hostile during the late disturbance, participated in the Custer fight in 1876.  He Dog, a ghost dancer, hostile during the late disturbance, participated in the Custer fight in 1876.  He was active in trying to bring about peace during the late Pine Ridge trouble.  Spotted elk, a ghost dancer, not bot hostile during the late troubles.  He was actively engaged in the effort to bring the hostiles out of the Bad Lands.  Participated in troubles of 1876 and 1877.  Major Sword, not a ghost dancer; a Christian.  He has been at the head of the Indian police force at Pine Ridge for the past thirteen years.  Friendly and loyal to the government during the late trouble.

Cheyenne River Reservation--Hump.  Not a ghost dancer, friendly and loyal during the late uprising.

Rosebud--High Hawk; a ghost dancer; hostile during the late disturbance.  High Pipe; a ghost dancer; hostile during the recent uprising.

Secretary Noble will give the entire delegation a hearing on Saturday morning at the Interior Department.

Feb. 5, 1891:  Evening Star:  [Dakota]

            Amusements. 

            The entire Sioux delegation in full Indian regalia will attend the magical performance of Yank Hoe and Omene at Willard Hall this evening.  The only matinee of the week will be given Saturday.

FEB. 6, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

Gen. Morgan, The Commissioner of Indian Affairs, spoke on the Indian problem at a meeting of the Universal Peace Union at Philadelphia last evening.  Several members of the Sioux delegation now in the city attended the meeting.

FEB. 6, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota; Sauk & Fox]

INDIANS GO SKYWARD.  A Party of Sioux Ride to the Top of the Monument.

Probably never before in the history of the Indian race has an Indian been so far above the earth as a dozen or so of the Sioux, now in the city, were yesterday.  They got into the elevator and were lifted to the top of the Washington Monument.

Less than half the Indians were with the party that went up inside the tall obelisk, but those who did go were amply repaid, for they seemed to think it was a most dangerous and fool hardy undertaking.  They were much interested in what they could see from the narrow windows at the top of the monument, and some of them were loath to come down.  Perhaps it would be impossible to arrange a morning's pleasure for a band of rebellious red-kins (sic) that would be better calculated to impress upon them the size and might of the people they wanted to fight with.

This was about all the sight-seeing the Sioux delegates did yesterday.  The conference or pow-wow between Secretary Noble and his wards will take place tomorrow at 10 o'clock.  The Secretary's room is to (sic) small to hold all the redskins and so the assistant attorney general's room, across the hallway from the Secretary's, will be used for the hearing.  Only Government officials directly interested in Indian matters and press representatives will be admitted.  The best of the half dozen or so interpreters that come (sic) with the Indians from the agencies will be selected, and when all is ready for the conference to begin Secretary Noble will put such questions as he wishes to ask the Indians through the interpreter, the old Indians will confer, if they wish to, and answer in the same way.

A stenographer will make a report of the proceedings.  The conference may last several hours, and promises to be very exhaustive.

A delegation of four handsomely dressed and thoroughly civilized Sac and Fox Indians was at the Capitol and Indian Office yesterday, looking after the pay for their lands.  Old Chief Keokuk is at the head of the delegation.  There are 500 or 600 of the tribe, and they expect $185,000 for their land.

FEB. 6, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

ASTONISHED INDIANS.  They Witness Some of the White Man's Tricks of Magic.

The entire delegation of Sioux Indians, nearly forty in number, accompanied b (sic [by]) Maj. Burke, attended the exhibition at Willard Hall by Hank. Hoe and Omene last evening.  Representative Amos Cummings, of New York, sat with the Indian visitors and enjoyed their amazement at the tricks of magic that were performed.  The red men were at the outset, of course, wholly ignorant of the mystery of magic, and the white spectators were intensely interested in noting the effect of Yank Hoe's illusions upon the children of the Bad Lands.

The Indians were made to believe that the mysterious powers of their hoped-for messiah could be easily outdone.  Their astonishment at the production of live rabbits from empty boxes, of steaming dishes of substantial maccaroni from a handful of paper ribbons, of handkerchiefs from fresh linens and the marvelous disappearance of articles at the command of the conjurer, was the best part of the show to the rest of the spectators.

Almost every moment of the evening brought fresh surprises to the natives and gave Yank Hoe the prestige of a wonder-working spirit.

Feb. 6, 1891:  Philadelphia Inquirer:  [Dakota]

            Interesting Washington Topics

More Indians Arrive from the Reservations—Custer Fight Relics.

            Special to the Inquirer.

            Washington, Feb. 5.—The Party of twenty Indians and interpreters who arrived in the city yesterday afternoon were selected from the various Sioux tribes under the direction of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.  They came east in charge of Mr. T. w. Blackburn, of the Indian Office, and are located at the boarding house on Third street where the other Sioux delegation is staying.  There was not room enough in the one house for all the members of both parties, numbering together about thirty Indians, and quarters were secured in a neighboring house. The new delegation is composed entirely of what are known as friendly Indians, a term used to distinguish the progressive Indians from the hostiles and ghost dancers.

            Among them is Clarence Three Stars, who left the Carlisle school about six years ago, and has been earning his living ever since as a tailor and also as clerk in a trader’s store, enjoys the further distinction of being the first full blooded Sioux Indian who ever came here as an interpreter.

            The prominent man of the delegation is John Grass, who is a good talker and, what is more, practices what he preaches.  When at home he lives in a good house, sends his children to school and is a successful farmer.  Grass is the man with the great voice that can be heard at a greater distance on the reservation than any other voice.  He is “the caller” on ration days.

            Big Road, a ghost dancer, hostile during the late troubles, took part in the Custer fight in 1876.  He Dog, a ghost dancer, hostile during the late disturbance, participated in the Custer fight in 1876.  He was active in trying to bring about peace during the late Pine Ridge trouble.  Spotted Elk, a ghost dancer, but not hostile during the late troubles.  He was actively engaged in the effort to bring the hostiles out of the Bad Lands.  Participated in troubles of 1876 and 1877.  Major Sword, not a ghost dancer; a Christian.  He has been at the head of the Indian police at Pine Ridge for the past thirteen years.

FEB. 7, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

FUN WITH THE INDIANS.  Some Washington Society Women Visit Them with a Camera.  YANK HOE AGAIN AMAZES THEM.  Fat Thunder, However, Exposes One of the Magician's Tricks--One of the Ladies Photographs Them--Promises that Were Broken by Previous Photographers.

The people of the antipodes, the juggler and magician from Japan, and a group of open-mouthed, sleepy-eyed redskins from the prairies of the Western States met yesterday in the boarding-house on Third street, where the delegation of Sioux braves are stopping.  Yank Hoe and the beautiful Omene were there and the Oriental for nearly an hour kept the savages in a state of dazed wonder with his feats of magic.          

Washington society was represented by a group of fashionable ladies, one little lady with an imposing Louis XIII staff with a gold head, the rest with lorgnettes and all as odorous as a perfumer's shop.  The Indians had gone to see the magician's performance Thursday night and they wanted to see the tricks done over again at close range.  The ladies had been brought by a member of Congress and one of them carried a kodak.  The whole oddly mixed company gathered in the two parlors where the Indians sleep and lounge while waiting for the conference with Secretary Noble.

The wiry magician was in faultless morning dress.  The Indians rather regarded him with disfavor, because of his boldness, until he began his wonderful tricks.  Blonde Omene, with her graceful poses, filled them with delight.  When she took off her gloves the Indians took hold of first one and then the other of her soft white hands, and minutely inspected the bunch of slender silver bangles that jingled on each of her wrists.  The society women's gold-headed Louis XIII stick also caught their fancy.  They had never before encountered anything like it.  The staff was nearly as tall as the little lady who carried it, and, indeed, she and her stick, together with Omene and her blonde hair and bangles, for a while diverted attention entirely from the little professor of magic.

About half the Indians in their delicate, untutored way indicated by motions and grins that they would like to have the society woman give them her stick, and Omene only overcame their desire for her bangles when she had an interpreter tell them that they had been put on her wrists when she was a little girl and that they could not be taken off.

Then Yank Hoe got a match from one of a group of Indians, lighted his cigarette with it, blew the match out, and stuck, it up his nose, taking it out of the top of his bald head.  The savages gave grunts of astonishment and gathered around the magician, having become convinced that they could not get either the Louis XIII stick or the blonde beauty's bangles. Yank Hoe pulled a small table that was in the center of the room into a corner, between one of the beds and the stove, got behind it and began his exhibition.  He took a piece of cigarette tissue paper, tore it into little bits, rubbed it between his wonderful fingers and then straightened it out just as it was before he tore it up.

The Indians clapped their hands, and he did the trick over again.  Then he spread a newspaper on the table, laid four half dollars on it, and made them go through the paper, one at a time.  He wrapped a half dollar up in a piece of paper, knocked it against a glass to show that the coin was still inside the paper, tore the paper to bits, and took the coin out of his sleeve.

Fast Thunder had seated himself beside the professor, and caught him in his next trick.  The professor put a glass tumbler on the table before him, covered it with paper, and then hit it a blow with his hand as if driving it through the table.  But before he had time to take the glass from under the table, Fast Thunder reached under the table and took the glass from the professor's knees, exposing the trick, to the great delight of his fellow savages.  Feats of legerdemain followed each other in quick succession, all of them mystifying the savages except this one.

When the professor was through, the Indians all went out in the back yard and submitted to the lady's kodak.  They did it with a scant grace, though, for they have taken a dislike to people with cameras. There have been a great many of them to see the Indians, and they always promise to give the red men each a copy of the pictures they take, but they never do it, and unless the craft do (sic) better from now on, so the Indians said to Miss Mina Beveridge, they will strike and refuse to have their picture taken any more.

A few of the Indians went to the Capitol yesterday, but most of them stayed at home and slept and talked.  Few white men or even colored men could be found who would be so perfectly contented to spend all their time doing nothing as these Indians are.  They are satisfied to do nothing but eat and sleep.  They were anxious, however, to be up bright and early to-day and to fix themselves so they will make their best appearance at the conference to be held with Secretary Noble at the Interior Department to-day.

FEB. 7, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

[PORTRAIT OF JOHN GRASS AT HEAD OF ARTICLE; PHOTOG??]

AN INDIAN POWWOW.  A Distinguished Conference at the Interior Department Today.  GRIEVANCES OF THE RED MEN.  Considerable Florid Oratory by the Visiting Delegates--Secretary Noble's Plain and Practical Exposition of the State of Affairs--His Final Admonition.

Secretary Noble held a conference with the Sioux Indians this morning at the Interior Department.  The office occupied by the assistant attorney general was used as a council chamber, and while it is a good-sized room it was entirely inadequate to accommodate all who pressed for admission.  Rows of chairs were placed in the center of the room, which were occupied by the Indians who reached the department shortly after 10 o'clock.  Facing the assembled red men sat Secretary Noble behind a low, long desk.  Near him Secretary Proctor was an interested listener to the proceedings.  Along the sides of the room were the spectators, mostly ladies.  Among those present were Indian Commissioner Morgan and Mrs. Morgan, Miss Dawes, Miss Kate Foote, Miss Fletcher, Miss Sickels, Miss Grace Howard, De Cuny, Senator Casey and others interested in the Indians.  The wife of Secretary Noble and Miss Halstead, the wife of Secretary Proctor and Miss Proctor were also present.

THE CENTER OF INTEREST.        

The center of interest, however, was the group of men whose high cheek bones and swarthy faces indicated their Indian blood.  The Indians were evidently dressed for the occasion.  Not a blanket or a feather or a blotch of paint was to be seen. They all wore store clothes and as far as the outward garb is concerned these Indians presented a civilized appearance.  The front row of chairs was occupied by John Grass, Young-Man-Afraid and American Horse, and when Secretary Noble came into the room he shook hands with these men, and the rest of the delegation understood that in so doing their hands were grasped by the Secretary.  On the left of the Secretary was the table occupied by the representatives of the press, and near him sat the stenographer, Mr. Edwards, of the census office.

THE INTERPRETER CALLED FOR.

The Secretary indicated that he was ready to begin the conference by calling for an interpreter.  Rev. C. S. Cook, the Episcopal minister at Pine Ridge, was called upon to perform that duty.  The Rev. Mr. Cook is a half-breed, born in the Sioux country, and has the further advantage of having been fully educated.  He interpreted the poetic language which some of the speakers dropped into occasionally very effectively and the touches of sarcasm and humor which were now and then a feature of some of the speakers were translated so that the force of the point made was not lost.

SECRETARY NOBLE'S SPEECH.

In opening the conference Secretary Noble spoke as follows:  "You were represented here just after the agreement with Gen. Crook was made.  You made certain requests and complaints at that time.  You received certain promises from me.  There has been trouble since then.  You have come again to say what you think proper as to the cause of that trouble and to make any further complaints you see fit.  The Secretary is here to tell you that he has kept his word.  But if there is anything more he can do through friendship for the Sioux he is ready to do it.  He is your friend.  The Great Father has told him to be your friend and he says now that he has been.  He wants you to talk to him as a friend and he will meet you in the same spirit."

ARRANGING FOR THE REPLIES.

The Secretary then asked if the Indians had made any arrangements about speakers.  He said that he could not hear them all for want of time, but would listen to a few, and he desired them to speak as briefly as possible.  He added that if there was no objection he would first hear from John Grass, Hollow Horn Bear, American Horse, Two Strike, Hump and Young-Man-Afraid. 

Speaking for the delegation, John Rencontre, a half-breed, who is a delegate, replied that such an arrangement would not be satisfactory, as it was desired that each agency present should be represented by one or more speakers.

In response Secretary Noble said that he would hear what John Grass and American Horse had to say and when they had finished then he would ask them what other speakers desired to be heard.

There was no objection offered to this plan, and John Grass stepped forward and began his speech.  Grass is the representative of the progressive element among the Indians, and is regarded intellectually as the leading man in the Sioux nation.  He spoke in a quiet, reserved manner, standing with his hands clasped behind him.  He spoke several sentences and then it was interpreted.

JOHN GRASS' SPEECH.

After the usual compliments to the Secretary Grass began to speak at once of the recent troubles among the Indians, the original of which he did not know.  They had come for the purpose of conferring with the Secretary in regard to this matter.  The Indians, he said, did not desire to be driven back to their wild life, but wished to consult with the President so as to determine upon plans for the future.  They wished, he said, to speak of certain matters talked over when the Indians were here last and the promises then made, which were not carried out.  Grass protested against the practice of blaming all Indians for what was the fault of a few.  The Indians believe that if they are honest in trying to put their children into schools and if they follow the teachings of Christianity that they will be going on the right road.  The Indians regarded these as important factors, and they also thought it desirable that the agents should be civilians rather than military men.  They desired a continuance of the present system in this respect.  In the past, he said, the Indian agents had opportunities to steal, but now the good people in the east maintained such a close watch that it was difficult for them to continue such practices.  The agents in late years, he said, were good men.

In speaking of his own reservation, that of Standing Rock, the recent threatened trouble there had been put down by the Indian police.  They believed in the Indian police and he was requested by his people to work for an increase of fifty men.

Grass then shook hands with the Secretary and took his seat.

THE BUSINESS COMPLICATED.

American Horse protested that their business was too complicated to be disposed of in a short time and said that it could not be attended to at home.  He said that he had tried to learn the origins of the late trouble and in his search and investigation found himself in Washington.  This was the result of his search.

He then went on to speak of the importance of this city as a treaty-making center, but gradually drifted into a discussion of the subject proper.  He first entered a protest against his being classed a hostile and the Secretary answered him that he was not so classed.

American Horse said that the Indians at Pine Ridge through the destruction of their property had been put back fifteen years, and he said that the Indians desired to have these losses made good.  The government, he said, had made mistakes in its attempts to civilize the Indians.

THEIR LOSSES SHOULD BE MADE GOOD.

The speaker then asked that the losses suffered by the Indians in the last disturbance be made good by the government.  He spoke also of the boundary line between the Pine Ridge and Rosebud reservations, which, he said, caused a good deal of trouble.  He thought that line, which was an imaginary one, ought to be done away with and the two reservations be thrown into one.  Then there should be surplus lands which the Indians always were glad to get.  He urged that a remedy for a good many of the recent troubles would be for the government to go back to the treaty of 1868 and redeem some of the promises then made.  The money bags, as he called the money which had been promised them, must by this time, he thought, have reached a good age and have grown, and the distribution of the sums due would be a great service.  He spoke of the condition of the half-breeds in the Indian country and said that it was important that their position should be defined.  He thought the loses suffered by the squaw men in the recent troubles should be made good.

WANTS THE SCHOOLS MOVED WEST.

He favored the removal of the Carlisle school to the west, as the Indians' children would not then suffer in consequence of a change in climate and their modes of life.  He said that the contract with the Indians was that their children be sent to the schools in the east and upon their return they would be given positions on the reservations.   This, he said, had not been done.

He thought it was unjust that this was the case and referred especially to the cases of Clarence Three Evening Stars and Young American Horse, who had been educated at Carlisle but had not been given positions on their return.  Both boys, or rather young men, were present and at the request of Secretary Noble, they stood up so that he could see how they looked.  American Horse explained that one of these boys was a catechist in the Episcopal Church and the other a clerk in the Wash. Post trader's store.

YOUNG-MAN-AFRAID-OF-HIS-HORSES.

Louis Richard of Rosebud then relieved the Rev. Mr. Cook as interpreter and Secretary Noble then said:  "I would like to hear from Young-Man-Afraid-Of-His-Horses."  For a little while there was silence and then the greatest peace chief of the Ogallalas ever had arose and shook the extended hand of the Secretary.

Young-Man-Afraid (which is the Pine Ridge abbreviation of his name) said he was very much pleased to meet everybody, and then went on to relate his services in the interest of harmony during the late trouble.  In the course of his introductory remarks he said he had brought his people into camp and had turned in their arms.

"How Many?" queried the Secretary, and the orator was somewhat nonplussed.  He knew the total was small and he didn't care to say.  The Secretary removed the embarrassment by bidding him proceed in his own way, and then Young-Man-Afraid said he hoped the government would not only educate the children, but would also give them something to do when they finished at school.  The government had always said that if Indians worked they would get rich.  They wanted to get rich and the only way that was possible was the giving of employment to the young when they left school.  Then Young-Man-Afraid said he would Wash. Postpone further conversation until Monday.

TWO STRIKE HAD HIS INNINGS.

Two Strike was next called for.  The wily old warrior did not want to say much, but his manner was quite vigorous.  He acknowledged that there had been trouble, but that was gone.  He had made peace with Gen. Miles, had turned in his arms and now came to report to the Great Father.

He was always going to do what he could to maintain peace.  He joined with one of the Indians in the rear of the room in a request that he be allowed to see Gen. Miles, who they understood would be here on Monday.  They wanted to see him.

HUMP AND HIS FARMING FAILURE.

The next speaker was Hump--than whom no better Indian ever lived if his record during the campaign of 1876 be erased.  He called attention to the fact that he had farmed at Cheyenne River for three years and had no crop, and for that reason he wanted the rations increased and continued.  Cheyenne River agency had suffered much in this trouble--about 800 of the people had been killed--and there should be some consideration shown the survivors.  He, too, suggested that a little money from the Secretary would be acceptable.

High Hawk, Ogallala, told with a loud voice how earnest he had always been for peace.  His principal complaint was as to the dividing line between the Pine Ridge and Rosebud agencies; the line had caused much trouble and he hoped it would be removed.

HOLLOW HORN BEAR'S COMPLAINT.  

Louis Primeau succeeded Louis Reichard as an interpreter, Louis the first being somewhat tired vocally.  Then Hollow Horn Bear, a Brule from Rosebud agency, secured the floor.  He is one of the most pleasantly-featured Indians here and the audience was prepossessed as soon as he appeared.  He complained of the trespassing of troops on the reservation without what he believed to be just cause and expressed himself as being hurt because the soldiers had killed many of his people.

One man (referring to the affair at Wounded Knee) wanted to fight; the others did not.  That man fired his gun and then the soldiers shot men, women and children.  He was somewhat lost, but he was going to try to do right as he had always done, but he had to say that only the white man had broken the mutual promises.  He told of some of his people who were badly wounded and characterized the conduct of the military as cruel.  The soldiers were the cause of all the trouble.  He had some things he wanted to tell, but he thought it might shock the ladies present; still if they did not mind he would tell the story.

Secretary Noble said he might reserve such matters until Monday.

HE WANTS COWS. 

Hollow Horn Bear then asked that those Indians who had lost property during the late trouble might be reimbursed and went into financial matters in connection with old and unfulfilled treaties.  Cows had been promised long ago, but they had not been given.  Crops were failures in his country and only cattle raising was a success.  The cows ought to be sent out right away.  There was money due the Indians and he hoped that would be used in the purchase of cows and mares.  The money was to have been used to buy beef.  He would rather see it spent for something that would bring increase.  He asked that subissue houses be established in the various camps so that men who desired to work be not taken away from their farms or cattle.  The agency was many miles away from many camps.  The imaginary line which divided Pine Ridge and Rosebud reservations ought to be removed; there was no line and there ought not to be.  It had caused much trouble.  More school houses had been promised and he hoped they would soon be built.  He wanted the children to have an opportunity to learn something,

Medicine Bull then talked through Interpreter Cook.  Medicine Bull was oratorically inclined.  His words apparently fell far short of expressing his feelings of delight.  He commenced by calling attention to the fact that there was no blood on his hands.  Very poetically he talked of flowers and their growth, and after awhile it became plain that he was indulging in allegory.  The flowers about which he was so much concerned were the children of the Sioux nation; these should receive every consideration or they would die.  From his utterances it was evident that he always had been, was now and ever would be in perfect accord with the Indian policy of the government.  Many promises had been made by Gen. Crook and the other commissioners who negotiated the last treaty and he hoped and believed that every promise would be made good.  There was one question he wanted to ask.  Had the Secretary instructed the agents to simply loan plows and other farming implements to Indians?  To this the Secretary emphatically responded, "No!" And all the Indians smiled to know that the plows, &c., were their's and not the agent's.

MEDICINE BULL ON EMPTY POCKETS.           

Very feelingly did old Medicine Bull call the Secretary's attention to the fact that when the Indians shook their pockets there was nothing in them that would rattle.  The Secretary laughed a little, but he did not commit himself.

Other Indians were there ready to talk, and old White Ghost of Crow Creek was very anxious to be heard, but he was courteously sawn off and respectfully referred to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs on Monday.

SECRETARY NOBLE'S REPLY.

Secretary Noble then made his speech.  The Indian must not be discouraged.  He would be supported so long as he endeavored to do well.  There were two sides to the question of what is due the Indian and what is due from the Indian.  "I wish to speak about these things in a friendly spirit," said he, "I wish to tell the Sioux what the government has done for them, and I wish to tell them from a book written by their friend, Miss Fletcher, as to what has been done for them.  Up to 1883 the Sioux have been given $43,000,000 by the government.

The government acknowledges its treaties and agreements with the Sioux.  Since 1884, when this money was paid, there has been much more money paid, according to the treaty.  One of the speakers complained that no cows have been issued within the last two years.  I wish to tell which has been issued in the way of horses and stock cattle under the treaty.  The Secretary then quoted statistics as to the issue [?] to Indians.  The schools that the Indians want have been kept up at all of their agencies, and industrial schools, such as they want, have also been established at Pierre and that another school will be put up at Flandreau.  Farmers have been kept at the different agencies to show the Sioux how to farm the land.

INDIANS SHOULD GET THE BEST.        

There is a board of Indian commissioners--some of the best men in the country--who go with the commissioner of Indian affairs to the warehouse where many of the supplies are purchased.  When the contracts are made everything that is bought is tested by the sample.  Oftentimes a higher price is paid for a better article.  The government does not buy the poorest thing that would answer the description.  When the goods are delivered they are inspected, and they are also inspected at the agency.  Some of the Sioux want the military to be over them; others want the Interior Department to rule.  They should both be satisfied with the inspection of supplies for both the military and civil powers join in the inspection.

THE SIOUX ONLY A SMALL PART OF ALL THE INDIANS.   

The Sioux are only a small part of the Indians of the United States, and many other tribes need legislation.  The white people also want legislation.  The white people have to wait a long time for their rights because the legislature is much engaged.  When the Sioux came here last year the Secretary did his utmost to make good promises that were made.  The Great Father asked Congress to do these things according to the recommendations of Gen. Crook and the commissioner. Congress has acted upon those things as rapidly as other public business would permit.  The white man has great troubles of his own in the legislature.  The legislature has acted and the Sioux will get the benefit.  The bill was approved on January 19, 1891, by the grand-father--the Great Father (smiles of his white faces present).  The Crow Creek Indians are entitled to $187,000, which sum was not appropriated, but the Great Father immediately sent back to Congress telling them that he wanted Congress to grant that money.  While all this was being done by the Great Father and the white people the Sioux became uneasy, but all the time the Great Father, the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs were doing their utmost for the Indians.

THE REDUCTION WAS AN ACCIDENT. 

It was a mere accident that $100,000 should have been cut off the Sioux appropriation immediately after the agreement with Gen. Crook.  It would have been the same if there had been no agreement.  These things should convince the Sioux that the government has been trying to do what was right for the Indians." [no opening quote mark located]  Secretary Noble then entered upon a lengthy explanation of the boundary line between Rosebud and Pine Ridge reservations and showed how the Indians had agreed to that line just as they agreed to everything else in the law which was enacted by Congress, and then sent out for the Sioux to accept.

When that had been fully explained and the Indians had been informed as to the best methods of redress, the Secretary went on to say that everything had been done by the authorities to improve the condition of the Sioux nation.

In conclusion the Secretary advised the Indians to think over the many things the government had done for them; to look at the promises made by Gen. Crook and to have confidence in what he said.  The Secretary said he wanted the Indians to make up their minds to do the best they could to educate or to have educated their children and never to let their young men dream that they could ever get anything by force from the United States.  The secretary's speech closed with renewed assurances of friendship and then the pow-wow closed, but not until American Horse had unsuccessfully tried to do a little more talking.

Feb. 7, 1891:  Evening Star:  [Dakota]

            Chief Sam-Trott of the base ball tribe ought to make arrangements for Two Strike of the Sioux delegation to remain as his guest for the season.

Feb. 7, 1891:  New Haven Register:  [Dakota]

            The Plaints of the Sioux

            John Grass and American Horse Talk of Their Troubles to Secretary Noble.

            Washington, Feb. 7.—The conference between Secretary Noble and the Sioux Indian delegation was begun this morning at the interior department.  There was a strong desire on the part of many people to be present, but the small size of the room made it necessary to bring the number of spectators admitted down to a very few.  The conference was opened by Secretary Noble, who said:

            “You were represented here just after the agreement with Gen. Crook was made.  You made certain requests and complaints at that time, and you received certain promises from me.  There has been trouble since then, and you have come again to say what you think proper as to the cause of that trouble, and to make any further complaints you see fit.  The secretary is here to tell you that he has kept his word, but if there is anything more he can do through friendship for the Sioux he is ready to do it.  He is your friend, and the Great Ruler has told him to be your friend.  He wants you to talk to him as a friend and he will meet you in the same spirit.”

            The secretary said he would hear John Grass and American Horse first and then take counsel with them as to who should follow.

            John Grass then came forward.  Rev. C. S. Cook, the Episcopal minister at Pine Ridge, acted as interpreter.  Grass at once began to speak of the recent trouble among the Indians.

Feb. 7, 1891:  Saginaw News:  [Dakota]

            A Big Talk

            Conference Between Secretary Noble and the Sioux Indian delegation was begun this morning at the interior department.  The secretary of war and Mrs. Proctor and Miss Proctor were present and also the wife of Secretary Noble, and Miss Halstead.  Others prominent in the work for the Indians were interested spectators.

Feb. 7, 1891:  Watertown Daily Times:  [Dakota]

            The Indians.

            The conference between Secy. Noble and the Sioux Indian delegation was begun today at the interior department.  John Grass was the first speaker.  He said he did not know the origin of the recent trouble.  He protested against the practice of blaming the Indians for what is the fault of a few.  In the past, the agents had opportunities to steal; but they are so closely watched now that stealing is very difficult.  The Indians believe in the Indian police.

[NOTE:  The conference on Feb. 7^th got lots of long press around the U.S.  Some of the stories were duplicated, others published the same basic information.  Thus not all published articles have been transcribed as no new information was included.]

FEB. 8, 1891 Wash. Post, [Dakota]

GREAT SIOUX POWWOW.  Indian Chiefs Tell Secretary Noble What They Want.  AMERICAN HORSE'S BIG SPEECH.  Some of the Indians Go to Sleep Over the Secretary's Statistics--Some Indian Speakers Suggest that a Few Dollar (sic) Would Promote Amicable Relations.

The conference between Secretary Noble and the Sioux Indian delegation was begun yesterday morning at the Interior Department.  There was a strong desire on the part of many people to be present, but the small size of the room made it necessary to bring the number of spectators admitted down to a very few.  The Secretary of War and Mrs. Proctor and Miss Proctor were present and also the wife of Secretary Noble and Miss Halstead.  Miss Dawes, Miss Kate Foote, Miss Alice Fletcher, Miss Grace Howard, daughter of Joseph Howard, the journalist, and others prominent in the work for the Indians were interested spectators.

All the Sioux who have come to the city were there.  They had put aside their moccasin leggings and feathers and appeared in cheap "hand-me-down" suits. The price-tags on High Horse's vest was proudly hung out in front, the wearer evidently considering it quite an ornament.  American Horse wore a greasy blue tie around his neck, but no collar, and there were other idiosyncrasies of dress.  The Indians evidently regarded it as a great occasion, and were cleaner and better fixed than they probably ever were before.

The conference was opened by Secretary Noble, who said:

You were represented here just after the agreement with Gen. Crook was made.  You made certain requests and complaints at that time, and you received certain promises from me.  There has been trouble since then, and you have come again to say what you think proper as to the cause of that trouble, and to make any further complaints you see fit.  The Secretary is here to tell you that he has kept his word, but if there is anything more he can do through friendship for the Sioux he is ready to do it.  He is your friend, and the Great Father had told him to be your friend.  He wants you to talk to him as a friend, and he will meet you in the same spirit. 

The Secretary then asked if the Indians had made any arrangements about speakers.  He could not hear them all, but he would listen to a few, and he desired them to speak briefly.  He added that if no objection was made, he would hear from John Grass, Hollow Horn Bear [actually, sic:  "Hollow Horn, Bear"], American Horse, Two Strikes, Hump, and Young-man-afraid-of-his-horses.

In response, Louis Rencoutre said that this arrangement was not satisfactory, as it was desired that each agency should be represented in the speakers.  The Secretary said he would hear John Grass and American Horse and then take counsel with them as to who should follow.  John Grass then came forward.  Rev. S. C. Cook, the Episcopal minister at Pine Ridge, acted as interpreter.

Grass at once began to speak of the recent trouble among the Indians, the origin of which he did not know.  They had come for the purpose of conferring with the Secretary in regard to the matter.  The Indians, he said, did not desire to be driven back to their wild life, but wished to consult with the President so as to determine upon the future.  They wished, he said, to speak of certain matters talked over when the Indians were here last, and the promises in regard to which were not carried out.

He protested against the practice of blaming all Indians for what was the fault of a few.  The Indians believe that if they are honest in trying to put their children into schools, and if they follow the teachings of Christianity, they would be going in the right road.  The Indians regarded these as important factors, and they also thought it desirable that the agents should be civilians rather than military.  They desired a continuance of the present system in this respect.

In the past, said Grass, the Indian agents had opportunities to steal, but now the good people in the East maintained such a close watch that it was difficult for them to adopt such practices.  The agents in late years, he said, were good men.  In speaking of his own reservation, that of Standing Rock, he said the threatened trouble had been put down by the Indian police.  They believed in the Indian police, and he was requested to ask for an increase of fifty men.  Grass then shook hands with the Secretary and took his seat.

American Horse was the next speaker.  He displayed considerable natural ability and made a graceful preface to his remarks, referring in complimentary terms to the Secretary and the ladies present.  He then asked if the Secretary thought that it was good to curtail the speech of a man who had something to say so that he did not have the chance to say all he intended.  This question created some laughter, and the Secretary replied that he thought short speeches were the best, but he desired him to say all he wished to say.

American Horse further inquired whether they would have another conference with the Secretary.  He said that they had a good deal of business to transact, which might require three or four months.  The Secretary said that he was willing to see them as often as necessary, but said that their business here must be brought to a close in a short time.  If this could not be done they must attend to the balance of it at their agencies.  He asked that they proceed and address themselves to the subject of the conference.

American Horse further protested against haste.  He said that he had endeavored to learn the origin of the late trouble, and in search and investigation he found himself in Washington.  He went on to speak of the importance of this city as a treaty-making center, and gradually drifted into the discussion of the subject proper.  He protested against being classed as a hostile, and the Secretary assured him that he was not so classed.

American horse said that the Indians at Pine Ridge, through the destruction of their property, had been put back fifteen years, and they desired to have their losses made good.  The Government, he said, had made mistakes in their attempts to civilize the Indians.  He proceeded to enumerate their mistakes.  Instead of the positions at the agencies being filled by Indians, white men crowded them out and took the places.  This was one reason why the Indians were called lazy.  At the agencies, he said, the white men were so numerous that they fairly trampled on the Indians.

What his people wanted was a chance to rise and fill the positions of trust and consequence that was within their reach.  He desired that some attention should be paid to the wishes of the Indians in regard to the men to be agents.  The Indians were all able to tell as well as white men what men were competent.  The agents, he said, naturally selected their own relatives to fill the positions under them.  He thought that the Indians would receive these appointments if justice were done.       

He then spoke of religious matters and said that there were three religious bodies on their reservation who were trying to teach them to live better lives, and especially to bring about religious marriages.  But they did not want to be compelled to marry certain persons.  The Secretary inquired who had sought to compel them to marry.  American Horse replied that he referred to persons who eloped.  When the couple were brought back the agent obliged them to get married.

American Horse and all who followed him stood in front of the table just across from the Secretary, and solemnly shook hands with him before his speech and at its conclusion.  American Horse spoke so long that another Indian got up and said he wanted a chance to talk himself.  Although the Indians spoke in Sioux, not one word of which could be understood by the Secretary, all of which had to be interperted (sic), every one of them gesticulated with great earnestness right at the Secretary and addressed everything directly to him.

American Horse was followed by Young-Man-Afraid, who, by the way, looks like Mr. Gladstone; Two Strike, Hump, High Horse, and Hollow Horn Bear in the order named.  Hollow Horn bear, especially, spoke effectively and pathetically, saying he was a "poor lost Indian, not knowing which way to go."  Others wound up their speeches with requests that they be given $20 or $30 or $80 apiece to make their hearts glad.  The demands were mostly repetitions of things already presented in the able and exhaustive speech of American Horse.  All displayed a lively interest while their companions were speaking, but the speech of the Secretary, which followed, evidently interested them but little, especially the statistical parts.

Several of the Indians wanted a promise that they would have an opportunity to be heard again.  They were told Commissioner Morgan would hear what they might have to say.  Medicine Bull wanted an agreement, in the from of a treaty, drawn up right here, and wanted the Secretary to sign it and hand it to him.

Secretary Noble then spoke to the Indians, his address being interpreted sentence by sentence to them.  He assured them of his friendship and that of the Government and of the people generally, reminded them of what the Government had done for the Sioux, explained that there was a difference between the executive and legislative branches of the Government, and that the Great Father and the Secretary could not get money without the consent of Congress.  He told them about the necessity for placing the military in their country, and endeavored to impress upon them the great power of the United States.  They would gain nothing by war, and should restrain their young men.  The only way to get what they wanted was by petition.  The various broken promises, real or supposed, were explained to them.

At the conclusion the Secretary said they would have another hearing before Indian Commissioner Morgan on Monday and that the commissioner would tell the Secretary what was wanted.  The council then adjourned.

FEB. 8, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

The visiting Indians should make the most of it while they are the leading attraction.  Jerry Simpson is due in Washington this week.

FEB. 8, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

The recent Indian war cost the Government $2,000,000.  But just think of the choice new collection of war records.

FEB. 9, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

American Horse seems to be a very popular Indian.  He would seem as the favorite in a popular guessing contest.

FEB. 9, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

HOW SIOUX MAKE LOVE.  Spotted Horse Describes the Process to a "Wash. Post" Reporter.  THE SQUAWS THEY LEFT BEHIND.  But the Delegation Has More Serious Business in Washington than Telling Stories About Their Better Halves at Home--Points on Indian Courtship.

If "The Girl I Left Behind Me" should be played for the Sioux delegation in B street they wouldn't appreciate the delicate sentiment, although the thirteen all left wives behind them.  There isn't a bachelor or a widower in the whole lot, and some of them have more than one wife.

High Hawk is the favorite of all the women who visit them.  He was very willing to talk yesterday about his squaw.  He made no attempt to use English, but told in Sioux, with many smiles, what a fine squaw Little Hawk was.  He expressed the greatest admiration for her beauty, and when asked to describe her said she was like the lady in whose house they are stopping.  As she is a plump, cheery woman, weighing about 175 pounds, and but less than five feet tall.  [Mrs. Beveridge?!]  High Hawk's idea of beauty can be readily gauged.

Little Hawk is very brave, so her lord says.  Five girls in his village were hurt in a fight, but Little Hawk was not among them.  She is about thirty-seven years old, and there are five smaller Hawks.  The oldest is at Miss Goodale's school, so he says, and the mother is taking care of the rest.  When he goes away she get (sic) angry, but this time she cried very bitterly, and so did all his folks, and all the squaws wept, too.  High Hawk thinks she will be "heap glad" when he gets back.

High Hawk had been to the theater, and said some of the women he liked and some he didn't.  Some dresses he objected to.  On the night he went to see the "Merry Monarch," High Hawk was an object for inspection.  He had a whole bunch of long-stemmed roses, presented to him by a lady during the day, pinned on his coat, and it was with great regret that he consented to take a wreath of them off his head to wear his hat.

High Hawk said some Indian girls you had to ask one, two, three times, others just say yes right away.  High Hawk had courted numerous girls and proposed, only to be refused, until he asked Little Hawk.  He thought he would like to carry her, when he went back, a bag.  All the women here, he said, had them in their hands on the street.  Just what she will do with it may be debated, but Little Hawk will have an opportunity to experiment with a shopping bag when her husband returns.

American Horse tries to make himself very agreeable to all the lady visitors, and is particularly fond of shaking hands, ad indeed, they all are.  If one wife were a blessing, then American Horse were doubly blest, since he is the possessor of two squaws, whom he had married before such marriages were declared unlawful.  He calls them Jennie and Julia, and they live together in perfect peace, and never get jealous in the least, because American Horse keeps the upper hand of both.  Julia is the older, and according to all accounts her husband is waiting for the death of one before he can join the church, of which he professes to be a convert.

American Horse seems to be in search of general information, and is never satisfied till he finds out if the lady visitors are married or single, and if they prefer red men or white men.  As Indians go, old American Horse is a very agreeable sort of an Indian.

Spotted Horse wanted to show how he courted his wife; so did Spotted Elk; so did Big Road; and, while the reporter wanted to find out about Mrs. Spotted Elk, Spotted Horse was altogether too determined-looking an Indian, and he captured the floor.  Spotted Horse ordered the interpreter to see that just what he said was written down, and would not proceed till he saw notebook and pencil.

He described how a girl puts paint on her face and beautifies herself before she goes out to meet her lover.  Then he said to her:

"I've seen you, and I like you.  My heart is full of you.  I'm glad to see you to-day."

And then, if the girl reciprocates this sentiment, and is willing for the discussion to continue, she gives him a kiss.

Spotted Horse thereupon proceeded:

"What I've got belongs to me, and what you've got belongs to both of us.  All of our young men are some brave, all of our young women are some beautiful, but there are none like you.  You are better, that's why I like you.  What I'm telling you is true; I'm not lying to you.  I love you, and you must think of me and see if you will marry me."

All this time Spotted Horse was talking as briskly with his small wand as with his mouth, and seemed to be getting really in earnest.  It was in quite interested tones that he went on:

"I've seen lots of girls, but I never seen one like I love as you.  I want you do same for me.  My whole body belongs to you, and you must think and see if you belong to me.  Study all my words:  weight them--" and then before the maiden has a chance to slip away he attempts to catch her to salute her.  If she does not regard the suit with favor she has the privilege of struggling to be released.  Then if the lover is particularly determined to secure her he often attempts to buy her outright.

After his recitation Spotted Elk did not care to talk anymore about his half-breed wife, Julia, and was satisfied to give Big Road a chance.

Big Road was still too mightily offended to talk of his Buckskin Chain, as he called his squaw.

Meantime there was trouble brewing.  When Spotted Elk was worsted by Spotted Horse he retired to the back parlor, where seven or eight older Indians got around in a circle and talked very earnestly.  Then they told the interpreter that they had decided that they wouldn't talk any more now.  They were afraid they'd say something that would break the promise they had made. They had come to Washington on more serious business than telling stories about squaws, but after the conference they would be perfectly willing to tell all they knew about everything.

Fast Thunder, a very exclusive-looking Sioux with hair tied with red ribbons, is rather envied by some of the men of his tribe.  His wife is said to possess actual beauty, and the family is completed by two daughters even handsomer than their mother.

Spotted Horse has short hair, and in his possession is a vest, worn in the Wounded Knee fight, which was two holes in it that mark a bullet's passage.

FEB. 9, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

A Sermon by a Sioux Indian.

Rev. Luke C. Walker, a Sioux Indian and a regularly ordained priest of the P. Episcopal church, stationed at the Lower Brule agency, South Dakota, preached yesterday at St. John's Church, Georgetown, to a large congregation, including some six Indian chiefs.  During his remarks he touched the subject of the recent Wounded Knee fight, for which he blamed the government, in that the government had educated (at the Carlisle, Pa., Indian school), but subsequently neglected, the young Indian whose first firing precipitated the fusilade.  He likened the government's treatment of these educated Indians to that of the porcupine, which leaves its young at the root of a tree to suck as best it may the sap therefrom, instead of teaching it to climb the tree and get the persimmon for itself.  He enjoined the importance of and strenuously advocated the government's establishing workshops at the several Indian agencies, where the educated Indians could learn a trade.  The speaker apparently unwittingly created a ripple of laughter by reciting a conversation which he had overheard in a Philadelphia church:  "Hearing some ladies talking behind me, I was foolish enough to listen and try to hear what they were talking about.  I heard one say to the other, 'Do you see those goods that woman has on?  Well, I like that so much that I am going to buy some of the same tomorrow, but I am not going to have it cut that way, don't you know.'  Now you never hear any talking in our churches, but everybody is reverent and quiet, the men sitting on one side and the women on the other."

FEB. 9, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

MORE INDIAN TALK.  The Visiting Sioux Confer With Commissioner Morgan.  THE POWERS OF THE INDIAN BUREAU AND ITS WILLINGNESS TO DO WHAT IS RIGIHT--SENATOR DAWES MAKES A BRIEF SPEECH--COMPLAINTS OF THE DELEGATES.

The conference with the Sioux Indian delegation was resumed this morning.  Instead, however, of talking to the Secretary of the Interior the Indians expressed their views to Gen. Morgan, the commissioner of Indian affairs.  A long room in the Atlantic building, where the Indian bureau is located, was used as a council chamber.  All the Indians now in the city were present and they filed up the body of the room.  The few spectators who were able to crowd in the limited space occupied seats along the sides of the room.

COMMISSIONER MORGAN'S SPEECH.  

The proceedings were opened shortly after 10 o'clock by Commissioner Morgan, who spoke as follows, his words being interpreted by Louis Richard:

"I am very glad to see you here this morning.  I have asked you to come together that I may explain some things and that I may hear from you in regard to some matters of administration.  The commissioner of Indian affairs has no power to make laws.  He has no money, no provisions or anything else for the Indians except what Congress gives.  The commissioner simply takes what Congress gives him and hands it over to the Indians.  We have heard a good deal of what has happened in the past.  I think we have heard all that is profitable about the past.  I want now to hear about plans for the future.  Congress has passed laws carrying out the Sioux agreement with one exception.

WHAT HE IS READY TO DO.       

The commissioner is now ready to carry out these provisions.  We are prepared to issue the rations in the future as Congress has decided.  We are prepared to give the cows, wagons and other things which Congress has authorized.  We are prepared to issue the extra $100,000 worth of beef to the Indians entitled to receive it which was cut off in the past.  I listened to some of the requests made by you on Saturday and I want to say a word about that.  In regard to the boundary line between Pine Ridge and Rosebud reservations that line was fixed by law and agreed to by the Indians.  I supposed it was satisfactory to you.  I find that it is a matter of law and I can make no change.  Senator Dawes, the chairman of the Senate Indian committee, says he thinks that the law will be amended so that it will be satisfactory to the Indians.  As far as the commissioner is concerned he does not care whether the Indians of Pine Ridge move over and take their lands and rations from the Rosebud. I think that we can consider that matter settled.

AS TO THE SCHOOLS.

So far as the schools are concerned Congress has given the money so that we can improve the educational facilities.  Congress has been very liberal in the matter of the education of your children.  I think that if you leave the matter to the Indian office that a satisfactory plan will be marked out.  I intend to visit your reservation in the spring and see for myself what is needed.  I will say nothing more, but I wish to hear from you what will be helpful in the administration of the office.

The commissioner then introduced Senator Dawes as the best friend the Indians ever had.

SENATOR DAWES TALKS.

Senator Dawes said that he attended the conference on Saturday, but was unable to stay very long.  He had visited the Indian country very often and he saw before him several familiar faces.  He stated that he had something to do with the preparation of the law by which they ceded their lands to the government.  He said that when Capt. Pratt returned and told what the Indians thought about the law a better law was passed.  Congress thought that the first law was a good one, but after looking it over and hearing what the Indians said, they saw that it could be improved.  Congress was gratified that the second law was approved.  It was thought that a law had been made to carry out every one of those agreements.  It was found later on that accidentally two or three things were left out.  Then a new law was made and it is now thought that the ting is complete.  He said that if the Indians know of any omission if they would speak, it would be corrected.  The President and Congress mean to see that the agreements are carried out.  He desired that the Indians should do their part.  It was known that the dry weather had made the crops bad, that some of the rations were bad and that they had not got everything they ought to have.

MUST NOT BLAME THE GOVERNMENT.

The Indians, he said, must not blame the government for the dry weather, but if they did not get all the rations that were due them then they could blame the government.  He reminded them that they had told him when he was in their country several years ago that they would try to become self-supporting.  The government would help them to do this.  They would be aided in building houses and in obtaining horses, cattle, agricultural implements, &c.  The government has done a great deal for the Sioux Indians and has agreed to give them $3,000,000 to Evening Start them and the best thing about it is that the Indians have agreed to return this money by having their land sold and the money used for their benefit.  He thought that this was the best scheme yet devised and if the Indians did their part they would have a great future.  No Indian tribe except the Osages would have such a fund.  He advised them to forget the past, as the government would try to do and calling it square they would begin afresh.  He told the Indians that he would come out to see them next summer.  If they would have patience the government would endeavor to have patience with them.

ARRANGING FOR THE RED MEN.

After Senator Dawes finished his speech he withdrew from the room.  The Commissioner then told the Indians that he had set them a good example by making a short speech and he hoped that they would benefit by it.

He suggested that the Indians not yet heard from should speak first, and he mentioned the names of White Ghost, Big Mane and Good Horse as the speakers.  Hollow Horn Bear wanted representatives from each delegation to be heard.  He asked whether tomorrow there would be another conference.  The commissioner replied in the affirmative.

WHITE GHOST'S COMPLAINTS.

It was finally decided that White Ghost of Crow Creek should be heard first, and he proceeded to speak.  He first flattered the commissioner and the white race, expressing his love for them and his desire to live with them in peace.  He adroitly compared the mental condition of the Indians to children and said that it was necessary to speak plainly and at length in order that they might understand what was said.  His first complaint was in regard to the encroachment of the white people upon the lands owned by the Indians.  He had become weak and his flesh watery (sic) in consequence of anxiety over this matter.  The commissioner assured him that he would look into the matter.  White Ghost then spoke of the $50 which was promised him under the agreement, and the commissioners told him that money was to be paid after they had taken their lands in severalty.  He spoke of the small quantity of land that would be allotted to the Crow creek Indians and the commissioner observed that Congress had been asked to pass a law that would equalize the allotment of land among all the Sioux Indians.  He said that in giving out of the coffee rations the grains, when counted, showed that the supply amounted to only 100 grains a week for a single person.  He thought that this was so ridiculous that the commissioner ought to know it.  Gen. Morgan told him that the Indians ought to have four pounds of coffee to every 100 pounds of rations.  If they were not getting this supply he would see that they did.

SHORT RATIONS OF BACON.

White Ghost spoke of the rations of bacon received, and indicating on his hands a piece about the size of his four fingers, he said that was the amount received by each person to last a week. He said that at a meeting of all the Indians now in this city last evening, the unanimous conclusion reached was that they did not want military agents.

When White Ghost finished.  Gen. Morgan said he wanted to speak of some things, and after he was through other speakers would be heard, and when 12 o'clock arrived the Indians could go to lunch and then they could return, and he would spend the afternoon with them.

DIFFICULTY OF GIVING OUT RATIONS.

The proposition was received with expressive grunts of approval.  Gen. Morgan spoke of the difficulty of giving out rations when it was so uncertain as to how many Indians there actually were.  In 1884 there were reported to be 8,000 [?] Indians at Pine Ridge while in 1890 there were only 5,700.  As long as this uncertainty existed then there would be trouble.  He desired them to help the Indian office obtain a correct census.  They ought to punish Indians who lie in regard to the number in their families and if the correct number was reported to the Indian agent and the latter failed to do their duty then the Indian office would punish them. What was wanted was the truth.  He told the Indians that he would give them the law so that they would know exactly how much food was due to each one.

When Gov. Morgan asked them if they would help him in this matter a series of "Ughs" ran over the assembled group of red men and some of them called out "That's all right."

BIG MANE OBJECTS TO THE SQUATTERS.      

The next speaker, Big Mane of Lower Brule, told the commissioner that he could speak for the Indians on his reservation and no other Indian had that right.  He thought that the other Indian delegation had the same right.  He complained that the white people had squatted on their lands and they could not get fuel and hay from the land.

He wanted the agency moved nearer to the lands now occupied by the Indians, and the commissioner told him that matter was under consideration and would be done.  He complained of a lack of school facilities, and said that there should be a larger school.  Because the Lower Brules were small in numbers, he said that they were neglected.  He told the commissioner that if his stomach was filled with food, it would be of no use unless he had education and was able to look after his interests.  If he did not look after his interests Big Mane was of the opinion that no one would.  He believed in God and therefore he had cut off his hair and put on citizens clothes.  He expressed opposition to the continuation of Indian customs and said that seventeen of his people believed in the Indian Messiah and so he sent them all off to prison.  Their agent, he thought, was a man who could not see very well.  The beeves (sic) they were getting were very small, and what was needed was an agent with good eyes to pick out the cattle Big Mane resorted to the sign language to express more fully the idea of a shortsighted agent and made a telescope of his two hands, indicating that the agent needed something of the sort to carry his sight.  He spoke of the employment of young unmarried men at the agencies and said that when a young man was not married it showed that he did not have a strong heart.  Most of the employees now at the agency were married.  He spoke of complaints about the superintendent of the Indian school located at his agency, but when questioned in regard to these complaints said that he had understood that he would not allow the children to attend the Episcopal church there.

At this point the conference adjourned for lunch.  The Indians returned about 1 o'clock and continued the narrative of their wants and grievances.  What they said was useful to Gen. Morgan in his administration of Indian affairs and was mainly confined to details.

FEB. 10, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

THE VISTING SIOUX.  Some Go to Hampton--Others Talk With the Commissioner.

Some of the Sioux Indians now in this city went to Hampton, Va., yesterday to visit their children and relatives who are attending the Indian school in that place.  They will return to the city this evening and tomorrow the entire delegation will have another conference with Commissioner Morgan.  This morning some of the Indians that did not go to Hampton had a talk with the commissioner in regard to various matters of detail.  Hollow Horn Bear told the commissioner what he refrained from telling the Secretary last week on account of the presence of ladies.  His statement was as follows:  "What I intended to say at the conference with the Secretary, but which I did not, owing to the presence of the ladies, is regarding the military having charge of the reservations.  In the past, when they were in charge of the reservations, the soldiers were the cause of a great many prostitutes among our women.  There were many soldiers who were married to Indian women.  The women thought that they were doing well in marrying the soldiers.  I do not think that it was desirable to the squaws that the army officers allowed the soldiers to give up and leave their wives and children there dependent on the other Indians.  I do not care to do that any longer.  This is something I know did occur on our reservations.  I know by experience.  Therefore I do not care to have the military to rule our agencies."

FEB. 10, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

Public Indian Meeting.

At the request of the Washington branch of the Women's National Indian Association, a public meeting will be held tomorrow evening at the Congregational Church.  The Sioux delegations will be present and some of them will make speeches.  Besides there will be an address by Rev. Mr. Cook.

FEB. 10, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

INDIAN ORATORS HEARD.  Sioux Chiefs Vote for Civil Rather than Military Rule.  POWWOW WITH GEN. MORGAN.  Maj. Swords Alone Favors Military Supervision--Interesting Speeches by the Chiefs--The Matter of Presents Again Gently Broached--A Promise Made.

The second pow-wow of the two-score Sioux braves who are here was held yesterday in the hearing room of the Indian Office in the Atlantic Building on F street.  A half dozen benches were placed across one end of the room and the desk of commissioner of Indian Affairs Morgan was placed at the other end.  The open space between was occupied in turn by the various Indians who talked and the interpreters who put what was said into English or into Sioux as the case might require.  Along each side of the room a number of chairs were placed and in these were seated a number of ladies, a few of them young and well favored and all of them enthusiastic in their sympathy for the Indians.

Throughout the pow-wow, which lasted well toward five hours, the recent outbreak was only referred to once or twice, and then indirectly.  The meeting was opened by a brief speech from Gen. Morgan.  He was the only white man to speak, and his speech was well received.  The Indians all had plenty of little grievances to ventilate, but it would seem that the general public was as far from knowing on whose shoulders to lay the blame for the outbreak now, as ever.  No one of the Sioux was asked the question, "Why did the Sioux go on the warpath?"  The Indians seemed to take little interest in the proceedings, except when Wi-Zi, a yellow-faced Indian, about whose capacious mouth there was continually a sickly gin (sic), made his plea for presents.  Wi Zi almost grew eloquent in his plea, and made every one laugh by his persistency.

Gen. Morgan flatly refused to give any presents, but the Indian who followed Wi Yi (sic) made such an earnest and clever plea that the Indian commissioner weakened, and promised that they should have something, much to their delight.

Gov. (sic) Morgan said he was glad to see the Indians.  He wanted to talk to them about the administration of his office.  The Commissioner of Indian Affairs, he said, could not make laws, and had no money or provisions for the Indians except what Congress provided him with.  The chiefs grunted in chorus.  The commissioner said he thought enough had been heard about the recent troubles, and he wanted to talk now about the future.  There were prolonged grunts, apparently of dissent.  Then the commissioner said that Congress had passed laws keeping all the promises made, with one exception.  He was prepared to issue the rations, cows, wagons, &c., and the extra 100,000 pounds of beef that was discontinued, to whom it belonged, as soon as it was found expedient to do so.  He wanted to say something about the requests that had been made before the Secretary Saturday.  He had supposed before that the boundary was perfectly satisfactory, but he could do nothing as it was a matter of law.  Senator Dawes, chairman of the Senate Indian Committee, was present, and Gen. Morgan said the Senator had asked him to draft a clause to correct the matter and the Senator thought it would pass.  So far as he was concerned, Gen. Morgan said, it made no difference whether the Indians drew their rations at Pine Ridge or Rosebud agency so as (sic) the people did not care.

The Indians gave indications of earnest approval of this.  Congress, the commissioner continued, had been very liberal in giving schools.  This statement was received with complete stolidity.  As soon as he could [loss] commissioner was going up into the [Siou]x country, and hoped that [loss] [gl]ad to see him.  The redskins grunts indicated that they would.

Then the commissioner introduced Senator Dawes as one of the best friends the Indians ever had.  He asked the Senator to stand up, so the Indians could see him, and then the Senator said through the interpreter that he wanted to hear what the Indians had to say, and that he remembered many of his auditors' faces, having seen many of them when he was out in the Sioux country.  He then spoke of the late land cession the Sioux had made and the Government's promises in that connection, and continued:  "If there is anything more that was promised tell us about it, and if we find it is so we will pass a law to give it to you."  He told of the effects of the dry weather, and said:  "We are not to blame for the dry weather.  You mustn't lay the dry weather to the Government, but if you don't get all the rations promised you, then you can blame the Government.  We want to do all we can for you and help you on all we can.  We want to help you build houses.  We have promised to give you cows and horses and agricultural implements that we have never promised to give any other Indians.

"If the other Indians knew how much we have promised you they would all be after us.  Why, we have given you $300,000 to help you along.  And the grandest part of it is that you have promised to pay us back by giving us your lands."  He went on to say that it would make the Sioux the grandest Indian nation, and that no Indians except the Osages had ever had such a fund.  If the United States had done something it ought not to have done, so had the Indians, and, he said, let that all be forgotten.  The redskins would have just as good a time as they did when they lived on the game, which is all gone now, and be men and women, and have just as much to envy about the Government as anyone.

Then he said he had set an ex[amp]le by a short speech, and wanted the Indians to follow it.  He wanted to hear from those who had not spoken.  Hollow Horn Bear, who was away back by the window, asked that the Lower Brule, Cheyenne, and Rosebud Indians be heard first.  Gen. Morgan did not care who spoke first, and asked, through Rev. Dr. Cook, who now began to act as interpreter, if the Indians [loss] as to who should speak first.  One of them asked if there would be another day's hearing, and he was told yes.  American Bull said that Lower Brule, Cheyenne, Rosebud, and Standing Rock were represented by but very few Indians, and he thought that two men should be heard from each agency.  Gen. Morgan asked if White Ghost would be satisfactory, and, the Indians agreeing, he spoke first.

He is a tall old fellow, whose face is a lighter yellow than the others, and is seamed and furrowed by the wrinkles of age.  He began in a very religious strain, and said that men were all children of one father and should be friendly.  The Indian Office had learned charity and patience and he wanted his people to be regarded as a little, creeping child, and be indulged in its mistakes.  A year ago he had been here to call attention to the lack of protection to their lands, and his special plea was for absolute protection for them.  The supposed protecting boundary lines are very weak, and white people are constantly crowding in upon his people.  He was so worn out with fatigue and anxiety, he said, that his flesh had turned to water.  Gen. Morgan said he would give him all the protection in his power, and White Ghost thanked him feelingly.

Bull Mane then made a talk.  He said the Indians used to be allowed to cut grass and get wood and live around his agency, but now they could not do so because the white people had squatted there and would not let them.  Gen. Morgan said he had just been talking with Senator Dawes about the matter, and the agency would be moved in three weeks.  Then Mane went on to say that the lower Brule Indians were ready to take their allotments of land in severalty.  He wanted schools.  He asked the commissioner to look at him, an Indian and a chief.  He had cut his hair because he was a Christian.  He wanted to set a good example for his people.  He tried to get his people to do as the Great Father's people do.  There were some men who could not see very far, and he thought one man like that was the agent for his people.  Sometimes they got for beef rations little calves the size of dogs, but got no more of them than they would of big cows.  He wanted an inspector there.  He objected to unmarried men about the agency.

Adjournment was taken for luncheon, after which Little No Heart, a Cheyenne River agency Indian spoke.  Little No Heart as his name indicates, is a little fellow, with a vicious-looking face; yet his talk was eminently that of a peaceful and tractable Indian.  He said that his people wanted their children to live as the white men live.  The Indians at his reservation all looked to the future, and desired to become good citizens. They wanted to throw aside the differences of the past, and be good people.  They wanted civilian and not military rule.  He had understood, since his arrival here, that everything was fixed, and that his people would get all they were entitled to for their land.  He wanted a copy of the agreement given to him so he could take it back and show it to his people.  Gen. Morgan at once directed that copies of the act, and other information, be furnished, and the Indians gave grunts of satisfaction.  No Heart said that that was satisfactory.

Gen. Morgan said:  "Many of the Indians have expressed objections to military officers for agents, and I would like to hear the views of all the Indians here on the matter."  Then he told the interpreters to tell the Indians who were in favor of civilian agents to stand up.  Apparently every one of the Indians rose.  Then the interpreter told those who wanted Army officers for agents to rise.  Maj. Sword, the big chief of the Indian police system, got up and stood alone, the only one who favored the substitution of military for civilian agents.

"That is Major Sword," Gen. Morgan said, "and he is the only one that votes for Army officers.  I believe he has been promised a position in the Army."

There was a general laugh at this, and then Little No Heart went on to urge that Indians instead of white men be employed about the agencies when competent ones could be found.  Gen. Morgan said that he had given instructions that this be done.  During the last year he had employed more Indians at the reservations than there had ever before been done.

Mad Bear, a Standing Rock agency Indian, spoke next.  He had come to Washington to see the President, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, for when business was transacted with them it was all right.  The chiefs of the bands of his tribe had thought that if the schools were arranged so that the parents could go too it would be a good thing, for the parents would learn too, and the children would not find such a difference when they went home.  Bear said that some children were sent to school, and came back home without having learned anything--so much money thrown away. 

"Tell him," said Gen. Morgan, "that we have the same trouble with our own children."

Bear complained that the annuity supplies were delayed, and that if this had been a hard winter many of his people would have Evening Starved and frozen.  Gen. Morgan explained that the bill last year had not been passed till in August, and that this had caused the delay.  He was not only very sad but very mad about it.  But the bill now in Congress will allow the Indian Commission to go to New York and buy the goods without waiting for the bill to pass.  There would not be any more long delays.  The Indians showed much satisfaction at this.

Bear said he thought the families of Indian policemen who had been killed should be pensioned.  Gen. Morgan said that he had already framed a bill to pay such pensions, and that he had also asked for one hundred more Indian policemen and a better rate of pay for them.  He had told Congress that if there had been more Indian policemen and they had been paid what they were worth, there would be no need of soldiers.  He told the interpreter to ask the delegation if this was not so, and they all said that it was.  Bear said that the soldiers had magnified the troubles out there to "make a big show in the newspapers."  The sentiment was echoed by other Indians.

Wi Zi then made a speech, setting forth the progress his people had made in agriculture.  He wound up with a hint that he would like to have something in the way of a present.  He said many of his people's wives and daughters were dressed in nice clothes "like those fine ladies here," moving his hand toward the row of ladies along one side of the room.  He said he did not like to beg, but the wives and children would expect them to bring handsome presents home, and he thought they should be given something.

As to the presents, Gen. Morgan said:  "There are about 20,000 Sioux.  We have brought forty here to Washington, paid their fare, boarded them, and propose to send them back home.  We have sent some to Philadelphia to see their children, and if any had children at Hampton he would send them there.  On their way home he would send them by way of Carlisle.  He had already bought suits of clothes for seven of them, and would do so for any more that needed clothes.  If that was not enough, he was afraid he could not have any more delegations come here."  He pointed out the unfairness of giving presents to those who came, but Wi Zi said that there would be no harm in giving them presents as they were respected men, and their people would like to have them receive presents.

John Grass talked next, and he took up the thread of Wi Zi's plea for presents.  He said that when any man was sent by the Government to transact business, his expenses were not only paid, but he got a salary besides.  They got no salaries.  This clinched it, and the Commissioner weakened and said that if the Indians would be good-natured they should not go back empty-handed.  There was a chorus of pleased grunts when this was interpreted.

Grass said the treaty of 1870 had promised them help to build good houses.  He thought it was about time this should be done.  Gen. Morgan said the bill having become a law, he would look after all these matters.  Then he closed by hoping that the interest of the $300,000 would be expended for schools, and sat down.

Then there arose a discussion as to how much longer the pow-wow should last.  Gen. Morgan wanted to shorten it all.  American Horse got up and said a great many words had been floating around like dust in the air that the first wind would blow away.  Horse suggested that they should put their wants in writing and receive answers in the same way, and Gen. Morgan said the plan was a good one.  He interrupted the pow-wow to say that those who had children at Hampton at school would have to leave to take the train at once.  The Indians who went were Wi Zi, Big Mane, Medicine Bull, Rev. Dr. Cook, American Horse, and Fast Thunder, Luke Walker, Robert American Horse, and Clarence T. spare.

The pow-wow was then adjourned till Wednesday morning at 10 o'clock, when it will be continued.

FEB. 11, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

THE FINAL HEARING.  Another Conference With the Indians at the Commissioner's Office. THE STORY OF THE BATTLE OF WOUNDED KNEE TOLD BY AMERICAN HORSE AND REV. MR. COOK--THE RED MEN DON'T WANT TO GIVE UP THEIR ARMS.

The final conference of the Sioux Indians with Indian Commissioner Morgan was held this morning.  Tomorrow the Indians will see the President.  On Friday they will go to Philadelphia and be present at a public meeting to be held there, and then the Indians will go to Carlisle, Pa., thence home.  The conference this morning was mainly devoted to an account of the now famous battle of Wounded Knee.

[rest not typed - copy in file]

FEB. 11, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

The Indian Meeting Tonight.

The Women's National Indian Association of this city has completed the arrangements for the public meeting this evening at the Congregational Church for the Sioux Indians who are here from the vexed districts in Dakota.  The whole delegation will be present.  Many of these Indians are orators and some of them will speak, while the Rev. Mr. Clark, an educated Sioux, will make a statement of the riots in Dakota and their causes.  Miss Grace Howard will give some of her experiences at the agency where she was.  She taught several years among the Sioux.

Commissioner Morgan will close the meeting.  Dr. Bischoff, with the choir and the organ of the church, will give some music at intervals between the speeches.  Dr. Newmann, the pastor of the church, will preside.

Feb. 11, 1891:  Evening Star:  [Dakota]

            Amusements.

            Gus Hill’s world of novelties at Kernan’s next week, and tonight the Sioux delegation of Indians will visit the show and smile on the Siouxbrettes.

FEB. 11, 1891 Wash. Post [DAKOTA]

The Indians have sampled all the luxuries of the effete East, excepting one of Chauncey M. Depew's after-dinner efforts.

FEB. 11, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

Indian Orators at a Meeting.

There will be a mass meeting this evening at the Congregational Church, corner of Tenth and G Streets, at which the forty Sioux chiefs will be present.  Some of these will speak through the medium of an interpreter.  Rev. Dr. Cook, also a Sioux, will give a general presentation of the Indian situation from the beginning of the trouble to the end.  Gen. Morgan will also make a short address, and some of the best of the orators among the Indians will also speak.

FEB. 12, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

ON BEHALF OF THE INDIANS.  An Immense Meeting at the Congregational Church Many Speeches Made.

Not only was every seat occupied in the First Congregational Church last evening, but there was scarcely any standing room that was not taken up.  From the doors nearly up to the [platform?] the aisles of the church there were lines of people, and even the platform stairs were filled. The galleries were packed as if the work had been done by an expert for a sardine packery.  This great audience had assembled to see the Sioux Indians and hear about their wrongs.  Whether it was curiosity to see the red men from the west or a desire to listen to their tale of woe that was the main motive in bringing the audience together would, perhaps, be a difficult question for the ladies of the Women's National Indian Association, under whose auspices the meeting was held, to answer.  At any rate those of the members who occupied seats on the platform looked with satisfaction over the sea of faces.

THE INDIANS SLEPT AND SNORED.

The Indians seemed to be interested in the audience also.  They were seated in rows on the enlarged platform and appeared to be aware of what was said and done.  At least that was the case during the earlier part of the evening, but as the hands of the clock ...toward 10 o'clock some of the Indians yielded to the influence of the heated air of the church and went to sleep.  No one disturbed these except when their snores became rather administrative and then they were poked into consciousness.  Congress had one representative on the platform in the person of Senator Dawes.  Prof. Bischoff presided at the organ and Rev. Mr. Newman, the pastor of the church, made some brief introductory remarks, during which he stated that the object of the meeting was to listen to statements in regard to the Indian situation.  He expressed the hope that the evils and injustice complained of in the treatment of the red men would speedily be corrected.

COMMISSIONER MORGAN GIVES HIS VIEWS.

Gen. Morgan, the commissioner of Indian affairs, was the first speaker.  He was of the opinion that Indian wars were unnecessary and he did not believe that there was any justification for the recent disturbance in South Dakota.  He favored educating the Indians so as to provide them with the means of intelligent labor and of looking out for their own interests.  He spoke of the few Indians engaged in the recent disturbances and said that great progress had been made in civilizing the Indians.  One of the difficulties, he said, in dealing with the Indians was that of civilizing the white men on the frontiers.  They sold the Indians whisky and fire arms and ...them.  He spoke favorably of the work of the Carlisle school and said that books, not bayonets, were the weapons to be used in the work of making the Indians good citizens.

WHAT REV. MR. COOK SAID.

The next speaker was Rev. Mr. Cook, an Episcopal minister at Pine Ridge, who attributed the recent disturbances to the dissatisfaction with the failure of the government to carry out the agreements of the 1868, 1876 and 1889.  He believed in education, but he thought that the Indians ought to be educated at home, and given employment as far as possible on the reservations.  He thought the Indians ought to have some voice in the selection of their agents, and that the subordinate positions about the reservation should be filled by Indians.  He said that in the east the young men were advised to go west while the opposite advice was given to the Indian. If the west was to be a great country, the Indians wanted to be on hand and enjoy the benefits of the prosperity.  He said that the farmers were too much inclined to be bosses.  What was needed were bishop (sic) farmers.  He commended the work done at the Carlisle school, but favored the education as much as possible of Indian boys and girls at their homes.

OTHER BRIEF SPECHES.

Abraham Newheart and several other Indians made brief speeches and then Miss Grace Howard, who has been a teacher among the Sioux, spoke of the efforts made to educate the red man.  She gave an interesting account of what has been done for the improvement of the condition of the Indians and made a strong appeal that justice should mark the Indian policy.  The meeting then came to a close.

FEB. 12, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

The Indian conference just closed in this city is said to have been as harmless as any of its predecessors.  The chiefs have had a good time.

FEB. 12, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

If there is anything a Sioux brave takes a special and lively interest in, it is the national anthem, "My Country, 'Tis of Thee."

FEB. 12, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

[NOTE:  This is a delegation article]

HARD ON THE SOLDIERS.  Indian Chiefs Describe the Fight at Wounded Knee.  STORIES OF WANTON OUTRAGE. Soldiers Alleged to Have Pursued and Shot Down Unarmed Women and Children--A Woman Said to Have Been Killed While Holding a Flag of Truce.

The third and last great powwow of the Sioux chiefs with the officers of the Department of the Interior took place at the office of Gen. Morgan, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, yesterday morning.  All the thirty-eight chiefs were present, and the room was crowded with spectators.  Besides Gen. and Mrs. Morgan, there were present Senator Dawes, Mr. George C. Crager, the special representative of the New York World; Mr. Cotterill, the stenographer, and many others.  Mr. Crager is the man who invaded the camp of the hostile Sioux during the Indian war and interviewed the rebellious chiefs for his paper.  He came East ten days ago and will return to Pine Ridge on Monday.

The Indian chiefs will be taken to the White House to-day, and will have the honor of shaking hands with the Great Father.  They will not, however, be permitted to talk with him.  To-morrow the whole delegation will go to Philadelphia, and will attend a mass meeting to be held there under the auspices of the Indian Rights Association.  The next day they will visit the Indian school at Carlisle, Pa., spending one night there, and leaving for home probably on Sunday.

The chief subject under discussion yesterday was the Wounded Knee fight, and some very serious charges were made against officers and privates of the United States Army.  The principal speech was made by Turning Hawk.  In the intervals of his speech, statements were made by American Horse, Big Road, White Bird, and Rev. Charles Cook, interpreter.  Turnning (sic) Hawk first described the hostility of the Indians as resulting from a certain falsehood "which had an effect of fire upon the Indians."  The far-sighted Indians stood up against this fire and fought it, but there were too many silly young men who wanted to join the movement of hostility.  Then the women and children became frightened at the movements of the troops, and all were made uneasy by the rumor that the troops had come there ti disarm the Indians entirely, and take all their horses away from them.

Then he proceeded to describe the Wounded Knee fight particularly.  In returning from the Bad Lands, he and his people had heard of the flight of Big Foot's band, the one which was nearly annihilated at Wounded Knee.  His band numbered about 340.  Speaking of this band, Turning Hawk continued:

When we heard that these people were coming towards our agency we also heard this:  "These people were coming towards Pine Ridge agency, and when they were almost on the agency they were met by the soldiers and surrounded and finally taken to the Wounded Knee Creek, and finally taken to the Wounded Knee Creek, and there at a given time, their guns were demanded, and when they had delivered them up the men were separated from their families, from their tepes and taken to a certain spot, their guns having been given up.  When the guns were thus taken and the men thus separated, there was a crazy man, a young man of very bad influence, and, in fact, a nobody, among that buach (sic) [bunch] of Indians fired his gun, and, of course, the firing of a gun must have been the breaking of a military rule of some sort, because immediately the soldiers returned fire, and the indiscriminate killing followed.

COMMISSIONER--Did this man fire at the soldiers, or did he simply shoot in the air?

SPOTTED HORSE--He shot an officer in the Army; the first shot killed this officer.

COMMISSIONER--Did the soldiers return the fire immediately, or did the Indians keep up their firing?

SPOTTED HORSE--As soon as the first shot was fired the Indians immediately began drawing their knives, and they were exhorted from all sides to desist, but this was not obeyed; consequently the firing began immediately on the part of the soldiers.

TURNING HAWK--All the men who were in a bunch were killed right there, and those who escaped that first fire got into the ravine, and as they went along up the ravine for a long distance they were pursued on both sides by the soldiers and shot down, as the dead bodies showed afterwards.

COMMISSIONER--in this fight did the women take any part?

TURNING HAWK--They had no firearms to fight with.

COMMISSIONER--The statement has been made in the public press that the women fought with butcher knives and this has been given as a reason why the women were shot.

TURNING HAWK--When the men were separated and were bunched together at a given place, of course only the men were there; the women were at a different place entirely, some distance off.

COMMISSIONER--Was it impossible for a soldier to tell the difference between an Indian man and an Indian woman?  The statement has been made in the public press that the soldiers shot the women because they were dressed in such a way that they could not tell they were women.

TURNING HAWK--I think a man would be very blind if he could not tell the difference between a man and a woman.  I have told you that the women were standing off at a different place from that where the men were stationed, and when the firing began those of the men who escaped the first onslaught went in one direction up the ravine, and then the women who were bunched together at another place went entirely in a different direction, through an open field, and the women fared the same fate as the men who went up the deep ravine.

COMMISSIONER (to the interpreter)--Tell those that are present I would like if he (Turning Hawk) makes any statement which they do not accept that they will correct it.  I want to get at the truth.

AMERICAN HORSE--The men were separated as has already been said from the women, and they were surrounded by the soldiers, and then came next the village of the Indians, and that was entirely surrounded by the soldiers also.  When the firing began of course the people who were standing immediately around the young man who fired the first shot were killed right together, and then they turned their guns, Hotchkiss guns, &c., upon the women who were in the lodges, standing there under a flag of truce, and of course as soon as they were fired upon the fled.  The men fleeing in one direction and the women running in two different directions.  So that there were three general directions in which they took flight.

COMMISSIONER--Do you mean to say there was a white flag in sight over the women when they were fired upon?

AMERICAN HORSE--Yes, sir; they were fired right upon, and there was a woman with her infant in her arms who was killed as she almost touched the flag of truce, and the women and children of course were strewn all along the circular village until they were dispatched.  Right near the flag of truce another was shot down with her infant; the child not knowing that its mother was dead was still nursing, and that was especially a very sad sight.  The women as they were fleeing with their babes on their backs were killed together, shot right through, and the women who were very heavy with child were also killed.  All the Indians fled in those three directions; after most of them had all been killed a cry was made that all those who were not killed or wounded should come forth and they would be safe, and little boys who were not wounded came out of their places of refuge, and as soon as they came in sight a number of soldiers surrounded them and butchered them there.

COMMISSIONER--(to the interpreter)--I wish you would say to him that these are very serious charges to make against the United States Army.  I do not want any statements made that are not absolutely true, and I want any one here that feels that the statements are too strong to correct them.

AMERICAN HORSE--Of course, we all feel very sad about this affair.  I stood very loyal to the Government all through those troublesome days, and believing so much in the Government and being so loyal to it my disappointment was very strong, and I have come to Washington with a very great blame against the Government on my heart.  Of course, ti would have been all right if only the men were killed; we would feel almost grateful for it, but the fact of the killing of the women, and especially the killing of the young boys and girls, who are to go to make up the future strength of the Indian people; those being killed is the saddest part of the whole affair, and we feel it very sorely.  This is all I know about that part of the story, and my good friend here (pointing to Turning Hawk) will continue his narrative.

THE COMMISSIONER--Does American Horse know these things of his own knowledge, or has he been told them?

AMERICAN HORSE--I was not there at the time before the burial of the bodies, but I did go there with some of the police and the Indian doctor and a great many of the people, men from the agency, and we went through the battle-field and saw where the bodies were from the track of the blood.

WHITE BIRD--I suggest that Spotted Horse, who was there at the fight and saw everything that was done there, ought to be the proper person to be called upon to tell the story of the whole affair, or else be called upon to corroborate what American Horse is telling.

Mr. Cook then arose and made the following statement for himself:

Much has been said about the good spirit with which the members of the Seventh Cavalry went to that scene of action.  It has been said that the desire to avenge Custer's death was entirely absent from their minds.  In coming toward Chicago in company with Gen. Miles I talked with one of his own scouts who was almost killed, because he was compelled to fly with the Indians being fired upon by the men whom he tried to serve and help.  He told me that after he recovered from his flight and succeeded in getting amongs (sic) the soldiers, after they all got rank, he did not know who, came to him and said with much gluttonous thought in his voice:  "Now we have avenged Custer's death."  And this scout said to him: "Yes, but you had every chance to fight for your lives that day."  These poor Indian people did not have that opportunity to protect and fight for themselves.        If that is an indication of the spirit of a number of the men in that company I am sure the Seventh Cavalry cannot be free from any charge of going there with the kindest of motives simply to bring these poor people back.  In addition to that, this same scout said to me:  "I went to the hillside and there I saw a young woman about twenty-three or twenty-four years old lying apparently dead.  I stood over her, and as I was looking into her face I saw she was not dead, because she very slightly opened her eyes and looked at me, and I said to her, 'Are you lying?' and she said she was very severely wounded but she would not die."  He jumped from his horse, and her horse, which was standing near by, had a number of blankets, &c, upon the saddle. He took down two quilts and rolled her up very carefully in them, and then brought her into the place where the wounded were being brought together, and I am going to say this with all tenderness--I know what feeling is--I know how to regard the delicate minds of these good ladies who are friends, I am sure, of the Indians--but I must tell the story.  A soldier went to this poor wounded girl and offered her a shining silver dollar so that he might gratify his appetite with her, and this same scout was so maddened that he rushed upon this soldier and kicked him over and over with his boots, and he was so sympathized with by an officer near by that he said to him, "John, if you have a gun, shoot the soldier; hill him."  I think these two instances are a sad commentary upon your Army.

American Horse, in response to questions, said he thought his own people would give up their arms if asked to do so.  He did not think they should be asked to do this, however.  He did not look for any uprising in the spring.

American Horse said he had for many years advised the Government and his people, but that now he desired to quit and try to make a living for his family.

Gen. Morgan told him he had no power to accept his resignation. The remarks of American Horse brought out many grunts of disapproval from the other chiefs.

Spotted Horse then described the ghost dance as a ceremony in which all joined hands, took off their finger rings to show God they had nothing to eat, then closed their eyes as if in a dream, and looked neither to the right nor to the left so that God might see how weak they were. The ghost dance was regarded by the Indians as a religious ceremony, and they thought good would come from it.

FEB. 12, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

THE INDIANS SNORED.  While Their Grievances Were Ventilated by Gen. Morgan and Others.

The Congregational church was crowded to its utmost capacity last evening to hear addresses on the Indian question from Commissioner Morgan, Rev. Dr. Cook, a clergyman of Sioux blood, and a number of the Indians visiting this city, the meeting being held under the auspices of the Women's National Indian Association of this city.  Both the floor and galleries of the church were filled with interested auditors, and a large number were standing in the aisles and about the doors.

The delegation of Indians reached the church about 8 o'clock, and were, of course, the center of interest.  There were among their number young and old, long-haired and short-haired, some with repulsive countenances and others with faces not altogether unpleasant, some attired in ordinary citizens' garb, and others in a variety of costume, including moccasins and blankets.  Their arrival at the church attracted universal attention to them and provoked varying comment on their appearance and actions.  They worked their way, in single file, through the crowd under an escort, and took seats upon the platform in front of the pulpit.  Among the party were American Horse, Young-man-afraid-of-his-horses, Little Wound, Two Strikes, Fast Thunder, Fire Lightning, Spotted Elk, Spotted Horse, John Grass, Maj. Swords, chief of the Pine Ridge Indian police, and others.

Rev. Dr. Newman, pastor of the Congregational Church, opened the meeting with a statement of its object.  It was held, he said, in the interest of humanity, and he hoped it might aid in giving a more correct view of the Indian troubles and their causes.  They have already cost the nation too much of treasure and the Indians too much of blood and it was imperatively necessary that some thing to correct the state of affairs, now radically wrong, be done. Dr. Newman then introduced Indian Commissioner Morgan, who spoke at some length.  He said the people of this country should remember that during the past 100 years the Indian wars had been prosecuted at almost untold cost to the country and with the sacrifice of thousands of lives among the Indians.  The record the Government has made in this sanguinary conflict was not one to be proud of, and even to-day the country was standing on the brink of a volcano.  The Indian wars were unnecessary, and if proper precaution were taken, could be avoided in the future.  He had traveled, he said, 8,000 miles in and through the Indian reservations prior to the recent troubles, and he could truly say that he did not believe that there was any occasion for the war in Dakota and the accompanying useless shedding of blood.

Gen. Morgan next referred to the amount and quality of rations supplied the Indians, and declared that the only solution of the Indian trouble was to be found in treating them, as other human beings.  "So long as they remain aliens," he said, "so long they will be handicapped, an easy prey to the medicine man and the false prophet.  Education will give them command of our language and fit them for honorable positions among their fellowmen."

"In the United States," continued the speaker, "there are 250,000 Indians, and it was shown by the testimony of American Horse and others to-day, that during the recent trouble the largest number of Indians at the scene was embraced in 222 lodges, averaging in number 4 each, 888 men, women, and children, and they were not there for war.  It has been said that the Indian could not be civilized, but the speaker thought it more difficult to civilize the white man to the extent of permiting his corrupting the Indian by selling him whisky and firearms and then robbing him of his rights.  The proper agency for civilizing the Indians was not bayonets, but books.  He should be taught to farm, not to fight.

Gen. Morgan was followed by Rv. Dr. Ephraim Cook, rector of a Protestant Episcopal Church at Pine Ridge.  Rev. Dr. Cook's mother was a full-blood Sioux, while his father was white.  He was educated at Trinity College and Bishop Whipple's seminary at St. Paul, graduating at both.  He is apparently under forty years of age, straight in stature as the typical Indian, and wears his hair short, with clean-shaven face.  He dwelt especially on the causes leading up to the late troubles, and detailed the grievances of the Indians against the Government, but his presentation of the matter did not appear to impress the audience as especially strong.  He said the first cause was the delay in making good the terms of the treaties of 1868, 1876, and 1889, by which the Indians had ceded large tracts of land to the Government.  Another cause was the bad faith in which the various Indian commissions had acted.  A further grievance was the violation of promises of education of the Indian youth, and still another was the decrease in the amount and the inferior quality of rations furnished.  During the present winter only one-third of a soldier's ration had been issued to each Indian.

Referring to the messiah craze, the speaker declared it was a scheme evolved for the purpose of precipitating war.  Sitting Bull, he said, did not originate it, as his (the speaker's) people were dancing three months before Sitting Bull knew anything about the ghost dance or the anticipated coming of the messiah.  During the whole trouble only three Indians had left the reservations.

Rev. Cook dwelt on the importance of educating the Indian youth, as a means of improving their condition, and causing them to lead peaceful lives, and urged the necessity of furnishing them employment to reform their idle methods of living.

            Abraham Newheart, of Cheyenne River, with the aid of Rev. Cook, as interpreter, spoke next.  His remarks, which were rather disconnected, were to the effect that he and his people were endeavoring to lead Christian lives, and had found the new modes of life preferable to those they had formerly known.  Wounded Knee, of Crow Creek, also through an interpreter, and others of the Indians followed in the same strain, after which Miss Grace Howard, an attractive-looking young lady who has for years been teaching among the Sioux, spoke briefly.  She told of the improved condition of the Indians and of their efforts to increase that improvement, and closed with an appeal for justice to the race.

The meeting lasted until about 10:30 o'clock, and during the addresses of Commissions Morgan and others a number of the Indians went to sleep on the platform and snored peacefully

Feb. 12, 1891:  Kansas City Times: [Dakota]

            Indians Talk Sensibly.

            The Sioux Have Another Conference With Commissioner Morgan.

            Washington, D.C., Feb. 11.—The Sioux Indian delegation had another conference with Commissioner Morgan at the Indian bureau today.  Winning Hawk, an Episcopal minister of Pine Ridge; Spotted Horse of Standing Rock, American Horse of the Ogallalas, Big Road and White Horse were the speakers.  [Long speeches and discussion edited out as covered above.  Much of it was about Wounded Knee]

After several others had spoken the commissioner declared the conference at an end.  The Indians will return to the west tomorrow.

FEB. 13, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

THE INDIANS LEAVE.  Taking With Them Red Flannel Petticoats for Their Squaws.

The Sioux Indians left the city this morning after a visit here of two weeks, which they all seemed to thoroughly enjoy.  Through the kindness of the Indian office each Indian was allowed to buy $10 worth of goods to take home as presents to his family.  The principal feature of the purchases made were red flannel petticoats, which is regarded by the Indians as a handsome present, and by the Indian officials as certainly a very appropriate gift for this season of the year.  The Indians will spend the day in Philadelphia, and will then continue their journey to Carlisle, where they will see their children.  They will then Evening Start for their homes.  No practical result will come from their visit to this city, and the only expectation that the Indian officials entertain is that the Indians will go home encouraged to live peaceably and to exert a peaceful influence on others.

The people of North Dakota have applied to the Indian bureau for permission to remove from the reservation the log cabin which was the home of Sitting Bull.  The purpose is to add it to a collection of Indian curios which will form a part of the North Dakota exhibit at the world's fair.  The permission will be granted, and the house can be removed after it is paid for.

FEB. 13, 1891 Evening Star [Dakota]

AT THE WHITE HOUSE.  The Indians Listen to a Short Address From the Great Father. 

The Indian chiefs now in the city called at the White House in a body at 1 o'clock yesterday afternoon and paid their respects to the President. They were accompanied by the commissioner of Indian affairs and several interpreters.  The reception took place in the east room at the close of the regular weekly reception to the public.  They ranged themselves in a circle and listened attentively to a short address by the President, who in the course of his remarks said:  "You can get nothing by war except punishment.  You should understand by this time that you are too week (sic) to contend against the United States in war.  You must teach your young men not to be warriors, but citizens.  When you suffer any wrong through the agents who are over you or from any white settlers who are about you, you should peacefully make these things known to us here.  The President, the Secretary of the Interior, the commissioner of Indian affairs, the Congress and the great mass of our people desire to deal kindly with you.

"The agreement that was made with you by Gen. Crook and Gov. Foster and Mr. Warner we all desire to carry out faithfully; to do all that we promised to do.  I have asked the Congress to pass laws to carry out every provision of the contract made with you.  It is believed now that full provision has been made for this.  You must not expect that you and your children will always be fed by the government of the United States without working yourselves.  Every white man works for the bread and meat that sustains him, and you must learn to do a little more for your own support every year.  You must tell your young men to spend their money or trade their ponies for something that is good for them, and not for rifles.  We will try in every way to give your people employment about the agencies, with the army, in the Indian police and otherwise, as we can, and you must each take your allotment and endeavor the best you can to earn your living, either by ploughing or by raising cattle or horses or some other peaceful industry."

The Indians were then individually presented to the President by Rev. Mr. Cook, the halfbreed Episcopal minister.  Each shook hands with the President and bowed when presented, but made no attempt at conversation.

Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. McKee, Mrs. Russell Harrison, Mrs. Dimmick, Mrs. Parkes and Mrs. Perrin were interested spectators of the scene.

FEB. 13, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

AMERICAN HORSE is not entirely satisfied with the assurances of the Indian Bureau.  It is hoped the Government officials are not trying to play Horse.

FEB. 13, 1891 Wash. Post [Dakota]

POOR LO GOING HOME.  Sioux Chiefs Pay Their Respects to the Great White Father.  MR. HARRISON MAKES A SPEECH.  He Tells Them How to Progress in the March of Civilization--All the Chiefs Receive Presents from Commissioner Morgan--They Go to Philadelphia To-day.

The gutteral "How?" and vehement handshake that have become somewhat tiresome here for a week past will now be heard and submitted to no more, for a while at any rate.  The delegation of chiefs that came here to talk about the wrongs of the Sioux have talked, and to-day they all Evening Start for home.  They were all eminently well disposed, and always accorded an earnest handshake to every one that came in contact with them.  They enjoyed themselves immensely while they were here, and they can all be depended on to come again when the Government will bring them.

The officials of the Indian Bureau and of the Interior Department are pleased with the result of the delegation's visit, and are sure that great good will come of it.  They think that the Sioux have been taught a lesson that will help them on the road to ultimate civilization, and the President, too, judging from what he said to the Indians at the White House yesterday, is pleased at the results, present and anticipated.

Through many prominent hostiles were here with the delegation, not a word was spoken at any of the powwows that savored in the least degree of enmity toward the Government.  Indeed, about the only serious disaffection expressed was at the proposed transfer of the Indians to the War Department.

Yesterday was the last full day of the delegation in the city.  They went to the White House, and called on the President.  They rode up the Avenue from their boarding-house in a herdic (sic) coach, and were as pleased as children with the attention shown them at the Executive Mansion.  The President received them very cordially, and after shaking hands with them all he said:

Will you say to them, Mr. Interpreter, that I have given them an audience this morning without any intention of talking to them at any length.  They have had opportunity to state to the Secretary of the Interior and to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs their wants and views.  These officers will bring what has been said to me attention.  One or two things I will say myself.  It has been a great grief to me that some of the people represented by you have recently acted badly--have gone upon the warpath against the Government.  You can get nothing by war except punishment.  You should understand by this time that you are too weak to contend against the United States in war.  You must teach your young men not to be warriors but citizens.  When you suffer any wrong through the agents who are over you, or from any white settlers who are about you, you should peacefully make these things known to us here.  The President, the Secretary of the Interior, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, the Congress, and the great mass of our people desire to deal kindly with you.  The agreement that was made with you by Gen. Crook and Gov. Foster and Mr. Warner we all desire to carry out faithfully; to do all that we promised to do.  I have asked the Congress to pass laws to carry out every provision of the contract made with you.  It is believed now that full provision has been made for this.  You must not expect that you and your children will always be fed by the Government of the United Sates without working yourselves.  Every white man works for the bread and meat that sustains him, and you must learn to do a little more for your own support every year.  You must tell your young men to spend their money or trade their ponies for something that is good for them and not for rifles.  I shall try to see that the Indian police are so increased upon the reservations as to protect you against any bad white men who may live about you.  We will try in every way to give your people employment about the agencies, with the Army, in the Indian police, and otherwise as we can, and you must each take your allotment and endeavor the best you can to earn your living, either by plowing or by raising cattle or horses or some other peaceful industry.  I hope you will all return to the reservation with these things settled in your minds, and you may depend upon us to do everything we can to promote the advancement of your tribe, to protect you against aggression or injury from those who are about you, and to encourage every Indian who is disposed to be peaceful and industrious.

The Indians gave vent to repeated grunts of satisfaction, and went away highly pleased by their visit to the great white father.  The afternoon was probably the most enjoyable one of the entire visit.  It will be remembered that on the first hearing before Indian Commissioner Morgan the Indians insisted persistently that they should be given presents of some sort to take home with them.  After a great deal of persuasion Gen. Morgan told them that they should not go home empty-handed, and yesterday he kept his word.

The Commissioner would give them no money, but told them to go to a dry goods store and each get $10 worth of goods.  This was done yesterday afternoon, and when the Indians got back to their boarding house each one had his arms full of bundles, big and little.  The particular form of investments that most of the Indians made was eminently such as a good husband and father should.  Many of the Indians bought gorgeous red flannel petticoats, each of which will probably be the envied piece de resistance of a red belle's toilet on the reservation.  It was also arranged so that such Indians as wanted to could get clothes for themselves instead of dry goods, and several of the braves did this.

American Horse, who has worn a particularly dilapidated Prince Albert coat ever since he has been here, invested in a short coat, and it made a wonderful change in his looks.  He does not like the short coat at all, and he may make the storekeeper take it back before he leaves town.